Pioneering Astronauts, NASA Oral Histories - Glenn, Carpenter, Cooper, Allen, Brand, Engle, Lind, Plus Apollo 13 History by Lunney - Mercury, Gemini, Apollo Programs

Pioneering Astronauts, NASA Oral Histories - Glenn, Carpenter, Cooper, Allen, Brand, Engle, Lind, Plus Apollo 13 History by Lunney - Mercury, Gemini, Apollo Programs
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2017-05-10
Genre:
ISBN: 9781521265529

Download Pioneering Astronauts, NASA Oral Histories - Glenn, Carpenter, Cooper, Allen, Brand, Engle, Lind, Plus Apollo 13 History by Lunney - Mercury, Gemini, Apollo Programs Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of seven American astronauts provide new insights into this historic program, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, experiences of spaceflight, and much more. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! In addition to the astronaut oral histories, there is a comprehensive chronology of the events of Apollo 13 written by flight director Glynn S. Lunney. Astronauts in this set of histories: John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, Joe Allen, Vance Brand, Joe Engle, and Don Lind. The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 4, Part 2) - Including John Mcleish, Joseph Mechelay, Dale Myers, and John O'Neill

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 4, Part 2) - Including John Mcleish, Joseph Mechelay, Dale Myers, and John O'Neill
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2018-05-19
Genre:
ISBN: 9781982945237

Download Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 4, Part 2) - Including John Mcleish, Joseph Mechelay, Dale Myers, and John O'Neill Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of two dozen Apollo lunar program pioneers provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, spacecraft, rockets, triumphs and tragedies. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments!Part 1 Contents include: Chapter 1: William R. Kelly * Chapter 2: Jack Kinzler * Chapter 3: Jack Knight * Chapter 4: Richard H. Kohrs * Chapter 5: Eugene F. Kranz * Chapter 6: Paul A. Lachance * Chapter 7: Dorothy B. Lee * Chapter 8: Seymour Liebergot * Chapter 9: Joseph P. Loftus * Chapter 10: James E. Mager * Chapter 11: Humboldt C. Mandell, Jr. * Chapter 12: Robert T. McCallPart 2 Contents include: Chapter 13: Grady E. McCright * Chapter 14: Thomas U. McElmurry * Chapter 15: James C. McLane, Jr. * Chapter 16: John E. McLeaish * Chapter 17: Joseph E. Mechelay * Chapter 18: Raymond F. Melton * Chapter 19: Owen G. Morris * Chapter 20: Thomas L. Moser * Chapter 21: Dale D. Myers * Chapter 22: Richard W. Nygren * Chapter 23: John W. O'Neill * Chapter 24: Catherine T. OsgoodThe oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted.Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs.These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Cohen, Fendell, Frank, Fuqua, Garman, Gavin (Lunar Module Program Director)

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Cohen, Fendell, Frank, Fuqua, Garman, Gavin (Lunar Module Program Director)
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 591
Release: 2018-05-19
Genre:
ISBN: 9781982940447

Download Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Cohen, Fendell, Frank, Fuqua, Garman, Gavin (Lunar Module Program Director) Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of two dozen Apollo lunar program pioneers provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, spacecraft, rockets, triumphs and tragedies. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments!Contents include: Chapter 1: Aaron Cohen * Chapter 2: Jeanne L. Crews * Chapter 3: Joseph W. Cuzzupoli * Chapter 4: Hubert P. Davis * Chapter 5: John E. DeFife * Chapter 6: Charles F. Deiterich * Chapter 7: Charles J. Donlan * Chapter 8: Charles L. Dumis * Chapter 9: William B. Easter * Chapter 10: Eugene G. Edmonds * Chapter 11: R. Bryan Erb * Chapter 12: David D. Ewart * Chapter 13: Charles H. Feltz * Chapter 14: Edward I. Fendell * Chapter 15: Dennis E. Fielder * Chapter 16: Mike Fox * Chapter 17: George C. Franklin * Chapter 18: M. P. "Pete" Frank III * Chapter 19: Walter S. Fruland * Chapter 20: Jack Funk * Chapter 21: Don Fuqua * Chapter 22: Hector Garcia, Jr. * Chapter 23: John R. Garman * Chapter 24: Joseph G. Gavin, Jr. (Director, Lunar Module Program).The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted.Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs.These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2018-03-23
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980632153

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The fascinating oral histories of nine famous Apollo lunar program astronauts - converted for accurate flowing-text ebook format reproduction - provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, spacecraft, rockets, triumphs and tragedies. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! Contents include: Chapter 1: James A. Lovell, Jr.; Chapter 2: James A. McDivitt; Chapter 3: Edgar D. Mitchell, Chapter 4: Walter M. Schirra, Jr.; Chapter 5: Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt; Chapter 6: Russell L. Schweickart; Chapter 7: Alan B. Shepard, Jr.; Chapter 8: Thomas P. Stafford; Chapter 9: Alfred M. Worden - covering the historic flights of Apollo 1, Apollo 9, Apollo 10, Apollo 13, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 17, plus Mercury and Gemini missions flown by some of these astronauts. The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2018-03-23
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980638223

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The fascinating oral histories of important Apollo lunar program scientists and researchers provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, and much more. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! In these interviews, the scientists discuss planning for the lunar missions, astronaut training, geological investigations, operation of the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL), and scientific controversies that affected the Apollo program. Contents include: Chapter 1: John O. Annexstad; Chapter 2: George R. Carruthers; Chapter 3: Edgar M. Cortright; Chapter 4: James P. Dawson; Chapter 5: Farouk El-Baz; Chapter 6: James W. Head, III; Chapter 7: Wilmot N. Hess; Chapter 8: Gary E. Lofgren; Chapter 9: William R. Muehlberger; Chapter 10: Michael A. Reynolds; Chapter 11: Leon T. Silver. The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo - America's Moon Landing Program

Apollo - America's Moon Landing Program
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 347
Release: 2017-04-25
Genre:
ISBN: 9781521152140

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The fascinating oral histories of a dozen famous Apollo lunar program astronauts provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, spacecraft, rockets, triumphs and tragedies. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! Contents include: Chapter 1: William A. Anders; Chapter 2: Neil A. Armstrong; Chapter 3: Alan L. Bean; Chapter 4: Frank Borman; Chapter 5: Eugene A. Cernan; Chapter 6: Michael Collins; Chapter 7: R. Walter Cunningham; Chapter 8: Charles M. Duke, Jr.; Chapter 9: (for Ron Evans) Janet M. Evans; Chapter 10: Richard F. Gordon, Jr.; Chapter 11: Fred W. Haise, Jr.; Chapter 12: Thomas K. Mattingly - covering the historic flights of Apollo 8, Apollo 10, Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 16, Apollo 17, plus Gemini missions flown by some of these astronauts. The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 1) - Including Aaron, Arabian, and Calio

Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 1) - Including Aaron, Arabian, and Calio
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 554
Release: 2018-05-19
Genre:
ISBN: 9781982940232

Download Apollo and America's Moon Landing Program - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 1) - Including Aaron, Arabian, and Calio Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of two dozen Apollo lunar program pioneers provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, spacecraft, rockets, triumphs and tragedies. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments!Contents include: Chapter 1: John W. Aaron * Chapter 2: Anne L. Accola * Chapter 3: Donald D. Arabian * Chapter 4: Peter J. Armitage * Chapter 5: Geneva B. Barnes * Chapter 6: Richard H. Battin * Chapter 7: Archie R. Beckett * Chapter 8: Harold D. Beck * Chapter 9: Floyd V. Bennett * Chapter 10: Ronald L. Berry * Chapter 11: Charles A. Biggs * Chapter 12: James P. Bigham * Chapter 13: Donald D. Blume * Chapter 14: Dr. Charles T. Bourland * Chapter 15: James R. Brandenburg * Chapter 16: John R. Brinkmann * Chapter 17: Melvin F. Brooks * Chapter 18: Irvin J. Burtzlaff * Chapter 19: Anthony J. Calio * Chapter 20: Robert L. Carlton * Chapter 21: Norman H. Chaffee * Chapter 22: Thomas V. Chambers * Chapter 23: Robert G. Chilton * Chapter 24: Henry E. "Pete" ClementsThe oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted.Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs.These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Lunney, Haney, Kleinknecht, and Kraft

Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Lunney, Haney, Kleinknecht, and Kraft
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 585
Release: 2018-03-23
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980638926

Download Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 2) - Including Lunney, Haney, Kleinknecht, and Kraft Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of a second set of fourteen pioneers of the "golden age" of American manned spaceflight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab) provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, and much more. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments!Contents include: Chapter 1: Glynn S. Lunney * Chapter 2: Paul P. Haney * Chapter 3: Claiborne R. Hicks * Chapter 4: James Kirby Hinson and Shirley Hunt Hinson * Chapter 5: Andrew Hobokan * Chapter 6: John D. Hodge * Chapter 7: Charles Thomas Hyle * Chapter 8: Bruce G. Jackson * Chapter 9: Caldwell C. Johnson * Chapter 10: John W. Kiker * Chapter 11: Jack Kinzler * Chapter 12: Kenneth S. Kleinknecht * Chapter 13: Wayne E. Koons * Chapter 14: Christopher C. Kraft, Jr.The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted.Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs.These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 3) - Including Maynard, George Mueller, and Warren North

Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 3) - Including Maynard, George Mueller, and Warren North
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 545
Release: 2018-03-23
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980639107

Download Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 3) - Including Maynard, George Mueller, and Warren North Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The fascinating oral histories of a third set of fifteen pioneers of the "golden age" of American manned spaceflight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab) provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, hardware, and much more. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! Contents include: Chapter 1: John Llewellyn * Chapter 2: T. Rodney Loe * Chapter 3: J. Thomas Markley * Chapter 4: Charles W. Mathews * Chapter 5: Owen E. Maynard * Chapter 6: James W. McBarron II * Chapter 7: Harold Joseph McMann, Jr. * Chapter 8: George E. Mueller * Chapter 9: Warren J. North * Chapter 10: Dee O'Hara * Chapter 11: Fred Pearce * Chapter 12: Henry O. Pohl * Chapter 13: G. Merritt Preston * Chapter 14: Paul E. Purser * Chapter 15: Raul E. "Ernie" Reyes The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.

NASA's Space Shuttle Program

NASA's Space Shuttle Program
Author: Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2018-03-08
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980510284

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The fascinating oral histories of a dozen Space Shuttle program astronauts provide new insights into this historic program, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world. The interviews divulge new information and some long-held secrets; they are sometimes emotional, sometimes analytical, with revealing anecdotes, stories of supervisors and colleagues, the Shuttle orbiter, experiences of spaceflight, and the triumphs and tragedies of the program - including recollections of the Challenger and Columbia accidents. Even serious space enthusiasts will find numerous "aha, I didn't know that" comments! Astronauts in this set of histories: Joseph P. Allen, John E. Blaha, Guion S. Bluford, Jr., Karol J. "Bo" Bobko, Charles F. Bolden, Daniel C. Brandenstein, Vance D. Brand, Jean-Loup J. M. Chretien, Mary L. Cleave, Richard O. Covey, John O. Creighton, and Robert L. Crippen. The oral histories are the transcripts from audio-recorded, personal interviews with many who pioneered outer space and the Moon, and with those who continue the excitement of space exploration. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the texts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. The date of each interview is noted. Established in 1996, the goal of the NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project (JSC OHP) is to capture history from the individuals who first provided the country and the world with an avenue to space and the moon. Participants include managers, engineers, technicians, doctors, astronauts, and other employees of NASA and aerospace contractors who served in key roles during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Shuttle programs. These oral histories ensure that the words of these pioneers live on to tell future generations about the excitement and lessons of space exploration. Oral history interviews began in the summer of 1997, and since that time more than 675 individuals have participated in the NASA Oral History projects.