PEPTIDE VACCINES AGAINST MOSQUITO-BORNE RNA VIRUSES BASED ON BACTERIOPHAGE VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES

PEPTIDE VACCINES AGAINST MOSQUITO-BORNE RNA VIRUSES BASED ON BACTERIOPHAGE VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES
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Release: 2019
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Abstract : Conventional vaccinology uses live attenuated viruses as well as inactivated viruses as vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines are very immunogenic and offer long lasting immunity to infectious agent but there cannot be used for everyone especially in patients with a compromised immune system. Inactivated vaccines are very safe and can be used to immunize everyone regardless of their immune status. However, unlike attenuated vaccines, their immune response is not long lasting. Given the limitations of conventional vaccinology, reverse vaccinology has recently been explored as an alternative approach to design safe and immunogenic vaccines against viral infections. Some regions in the envelope or the capsid of viruses have been predicted/shown to elicit neutralizing/protective antibodies against viruses. Reverse vaccinology is aimed at developing safe vaccines targeting only these regions (epitopes) on the envelope or the capsid of viruses. Although this approach is very safe, the epitopes (peptide antigens) used in developing these vaccines are less immunogenic due to the size, morphology, and the geometry of the peptide antigen in question. In this dissertation, I assessed the immunogenicity of peptide antigens derived from two mosquito-borne RNA virus, Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), on a highly immunogenic bacteriophage platform known as virus-like particles (VLPs). Currently, there are no approved vaccines against ZIKV and CHIKV. In this dissertation, I showed that ZIKV and CHIKV peptides displayed on bacteriophage VLPs elicited high antibody titers even at a dose of 5 mg of the VLPs displaying the peptides. Additionally, sera from mice immunized with bacteriophage VLPs displaying ZIKV peptides neutralized ZIKV from infecting monkey kidneys cells. Bacteriophage VLPs is an excellent approach to enhance the immunogenicity of ZIKV and CHIKV peptide antigens. Because VLPs resemble viruses in terms of shape, size, morphology exception that, they lack the viral genome (do not replicate), there are excellent platforms to develop safe and effective peptide vaccines.

Virus-Like Particles

Virus-Like Particles
Author: Paul Pumpens
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 1642
Release: 2022-05-22
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 100056987X

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This book represents the first complete and systematic guide to the virus-like particles (VLPs) and their applications as vaccines, therapeutic tools, nanomaterials, and nanodevices. The grouping of the VLPs follows the most recent virus taxonomy and the traditional Baltimore classification of viruses, which are based on the genome structure and mechanism of mRNA synthesis. Within each of the seven Baltimore classes, the order taxon serves as a framework of the chapter’s arrangement. The term "VLP" is used as a universal designation for the virus-, core-, or capsid-like structures, which became an important part of the modern molecular virology. The 3D structures, expression systems, and nanotechnological applications are described for VLPs in the context of the original viruses and uncover their evolving potential as novel vaccines and medical interventions. Key Features Presents the first full guide to the VLP nanotechnology, classified by current viral taxonomy Outlines specific structural properties and interconnection of the virions and VLPs Explains generation and characteristics of VLPs produced by various expression systems Offers up-to-date summary of VLPs designed as vaccines and delivery tools Unveils interconnection of VLPs with novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials

Single-stranded RNA phages

Single-stranded RNA phages
Author: Paul Pumpens
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 1832
Release: 2020-02-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0429671415

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This is a comprehensive guide to single-stranded RNA phages (family Leviviridae), first discovered in 1961. These phages played a unique role in early studies of molecular biology, the genetic code, translation, replication, suppression of mutations. Special attention is devoted to modern applications of the RNA phages and their products in nanotechnology, vaccinology, gene discovery, evolutionary and environmental studies. Included is an overview of the generation of novel vaccines, gene therapy vectors, drug delivery, and diagnostic tools exploring the role of RNA phage-derived products in the revolutionary progress of the protein tethering and bioimaging protocols. Key Features Presents the first full guide to single-stranded RNA phages Reviews the history of molecular biology summarizing the role RNA phages in the development of the life sciences Demonstrates how RNA phage-derived products have resulted in nanotechnological applications Presents an up-to-date account of the role played by RNA phages in evolutionary and environmental studies

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Molecular Biology of The Cell
Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2002
Genre: Cytology
ISBN: 9780815332183

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The Bunyaviridae

The Bunyaviridae
Author: Richard M. Elliott
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1489913645

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In this comprehensive reference, leading researchers examine the biology, molecular biology, and diseases of the Bunyaviridae, and provide up-to-date information on the genetic characterization and variations of this virus group. Chapters deal with the molecular biology of five genera: Bunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Tospovirus. Chapters examine Bunyaviridae assembly and intracelluar protein transport as well as Bunyaviridae genetics. Contributors discuss the Bunyaviridae diseases, including the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Molecular Biology of the Flavivirus

Molecular Biology of the Flavivirus
Author: Matthias Kalitzky
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2006
Genre: Flaviviruses
ISBN: 9781904933625

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Principles of Molecular Virology

Principles of Molecular Virology
Author: Alan Cann
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2005-07-26
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780120887897

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"Principles of Molecular Virology, Fourth Edition" provides an essential introduction to modern virology in a clear and concise manner. It is a highly enjoyable and readable text with numerous illustrations that enhance the reader's understanding of important principles. It contains new material on virus structure, virus evolution, zoonoses, bushmeat, SARS and bioterrorism. The standard version includes a CD-ROM with Flash animations, virtual interactive tutorials and experiments, self-assessment questions, useful online resources, along with the glossary, classification of subcellular infectious agents and history of virology.

Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses
Author: Helena J. Maier
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2021-09-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781071609026

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This detailed new edition provides a comprehensive collection of protocols applicable to all members of the Coronavirinae sub-family currently and that are also transferrable to other fields of virology. Beginning with a section on detection, discovery, and evolution, the volume continues with coverage of propagation and titration of coronaviruses, genome manipulation, study of virus-host interactions, as well as imaging coronavirus infections. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Coronaviruses: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a valuable guide to researchers working to identify and control viruses with increased potential to cross the species barrier and to develop the diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral therapeutics that are required to manage future outbreaks in both humans and animals.

Viruses: Essential Agents of Life

Viruses: Essential Agents of Life
Author: Günther Witzany
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 432
Release: 2012-11-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940074899X

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A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.

Flexible Viruses

Flexible Viruses
Author: Vladimir Uversky
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 532
Release: 2012-02-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470618310

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This book provides up-to-date information on experimental and computational characterization of the structural and functional properties of viral proteins, which are widely involved in regulatory and signaling processes. With chapters by leading research groups, it features current information on the structural and functional roles of intrinsic disorders in viral proteomes. It systematically addresses the measles, HIV, influenza, potato virus, forest virus, bovine virus, hepatitis, and rotavirus as well as viral genomics. After analyzing the unique features of each class of viral proteins, future directions for research and disease management are presented.