Pandemics, Global Supply Chains, and Local Labor Demand

Pandemics, Global Supply Chains, and Local Labor Demand
Author: Hanming Fang
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper studies how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected labor demand using over 100 million posted jobs on one of the largest online platforms in China. Our data reveals that, due to the effects of the pandemic both in China and abroad, the number of newly posted jobs within the first 13 weeks after the Wuhan lockdown on January 23, 2020 was about one third lower than that of the same lunar calendar weeks in 2018 and 2019. Using econometric methods, we show that, via the global supply chain, COVID-19 cases abroad and in particular pandemic-control policies by foreign governments reduced new job creations in China by 11.7%. We also find that Chinese firms most exposed to international trade outperformed other firms at the beginning of the pandemic but underperformed during recovery as the Novel Coronavirus spread throughout the world.

Labor Market Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions

Labor Market Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions
Author: Mauricio Ulate
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Business logistics
ISBN:

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We examine the labor market consequences of recent global supply chain disruptions induced by COVID-19. Specifically, we consider a temporary increase in international trade costs similar to the one observed during the pandemic and analyze its effects on labor market outcomes using a quantitative trade model with downward nominal wage rigidities. Even omitting any health-related impacts of the pandemic, the increase in trade costs leads to a temporary but prolonged decline in U.S. labor force participation. However, there is a temporary increase in manufacturing employment as the United States is a net importer of manufactured goods, which become costlier to obtain from abroad. By contrast, service and agricultural employment experience temporary declines. Nominal frictions lead to temporary unemployment when the shock dissipates, but this depends on the degree of monetary accommodation. Overall, the shock results in a 0.14% welfare loss for the United States. The impact on labor force participation and welfare across countries varies depending on the initial degree of openness and sectoral deficits.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
Author: Chris Andersen
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2024-01-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3346996379

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Seminar paper from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 5.0, Addis Ababa University, course: Master of Business Management, language: English, abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted global supply chains, leading to unprecedented economic challenges and logistical complexities. Originating in China in December 2019, the virus rapidly spread to over 210 countries, resulting in more than 100 million confirmed cases worldwide and over 2 million deaths. This global crisis triggered severe disruptions across various sectors, including high-tech industries, automotive manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and food supply chains. Notably, companies like Apple, Samsung, and Tesla experienced production halts due to labor shortages and supply chain constraints. Additionally, the pharmaceutical industry grappled with increased demand for essential medical supplies, while the food sector faced labor shortages and transportation disruptions. The pandemic-induced shutdowns, travel restrictions, and stringent import/export controls severely hampered international logistics, further exacerbating supply chain vulnerabilities. Consequently, the crisis highlighted the intricate interdependencies within global supply chains and underscored the urgent need for resilience, sustainability, and strategic reevaluation to mitigate future disruptions effectively.

Local Labor Market Effects of Global Value Chain Disruptions

Local Labor Market Effects of Global Value Chain Disruptions
Author: Anne Meisiek
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

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This study investigates the importance of global value chain (GVC) integration for local labor market outcomes in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although COVID-19 can be considered as a global crisis, there are at the same time strong geographical differences in its impact. We observe pronounced spatial variation in infection rates, policy responses, and behavioral changes. A rapidly growing number of studies provide evidence of heterogeneous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on local labor markets, most of them focusing on the initial shock and often on the effects of lockdowns and economic policy measures. This paper takes a different perspective on the regional economic effects of the pandemic. We focus on the impact of disrupted GVC during the COVID-19 crisis on local labor markets and investigate whether GVC integration influenced the magnitude of the initial shock and the subsequent recovery process of regions in Germany until December 2021. Our analysis of the regional effects of GVC disruptions in Germany focuses on the bilateral GVC relationship between China and Germany because the two countries are important agents in GVC. Moreover, China was hit early and severely by the pandemic which led to a sizeable decline in the country's production and exports at the beginning of 2020. [...].

Global Supply Chains in the Pandemic

Global Supply Chains in the Pandemic
Author: Barthélémy Bonadio
Publisher:
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2020
Genre: Business logistics
ISBN:

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"The authors study the role of global supply chains in the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on GDP growth for 64 countries. They discipline the labor supply shock across sectors and countries using the fraction of work in the sector that can be done from home, interacted with the stringency with which countries imposed lockdown measures. Using the quantitative framework and methods developed in Huo, Levchenko, and Pandalai-Nayar (2020), they show that the average real GDP downturn due to the Covid-19 shock is expected to be -31.5%, of which -10.7% (or one-third of the total) is due to transmission through global supply chains. However, “renationalization” of global supply chains does not in general make countries more resilient to pandemic-induced contractions in labor supply. The average GDP drop would have been -32.3% in a world without trade in inputs and final goods. This is because eliminating reliance on foreign inputs increases reliance on the domestic inputs, which are also subject to lockdowns. Whether renationalizing supply chains insulates a country from the pandemic depends on whether it plans to impose a more or less stringent lockdown than its trading partners. Finally, unilateral lifting of the lockdowns in the largest economies can contribute as much as 6-8% to GDP growth in some of their smaller trade partners."--Abstract.

The New (Ab)Normal

The New (Ab)Normal
Author: Yossi Sheffi
Publisher: MIT CTL Media
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2020-10-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1735766127

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Much has been written about Covid-19 victims, how scientists raced to understand and treat the disease, and how governments did (or did not) protect their citizens. Less has been written about the pandemic’s impact on the global economy and how companies coped as the competitive environment was upended. In his new book, "The New (Ab)Normal", MIT Professor Yossi Sheffi maps how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted business, supply chains, and society. He exposes the critical role supply chains play in helping people, governments, and companies to manage the crisis. The book draws on executive interviews, pandemic media coverage, and historical analyses. Sheffi also builds on themes from his books "The Resilient Enterprise" (2005) and "The Power of Resilience" (2015) to enrich the narrative. The author paints a compelling picture of how the Covid-19 virus is changing many facets of human life and what our post-pandemic world might look like. This must-read book helps companies to redefine their business models and adjust to a fast-evolving economic landscape. The stage is set In Part 1 of the book, “What Happened,” the author looks at how companies fought to mend the global economic fabric even as the virus ripped more holes in it. Part 2, “Living with Uncertainty,” views the crisis through a supply chain risk management lens derived from Yossi Sheffi’s previous books. This perspective shows how companies create corporate immune systems to quickly recognize and manage large-scale disruptions. The ongoing pandemic is creating a new normal in life, work, and education—covered in Part 3, “Adjustment Required.” Consumer fears about the contagion as well as government mandates require businesses in industries such as retail, hospitality, entertainment, sports, and education to create “safe zones” for workers and customers. Many elements of the book – especially in Part 4, “Supply Chains for the Future” – show how the virus accelerated preexisting trends in technology adoption. China was the epicenter of the pandemic; it also was the first nation to be disrupted and recover. Part 5 of the book, “Of Politics and Pandemics,” explains why reports that companies are abandoning China in favor of other offshore manufacturing centers do not reflect reality. Fundamentally, The New (Ab)Normal is about businesses trying to create a better future in a time of extreme uncertainty – a point emphasized in Part 6, “The Next Opportunities.” The outlook is not necessarily gloomy. The advance of technology is accelerating, a trend that can level the playing field between small and large companies. Nimble small businesses are using a growing array of off-the-shelf cloud computing and mobile apps to deploy sophisticated technologies in their supply chains and customer interfaces. The New (Ab)Normal Another new normal is working from home. Remote working enables individuals to live anywhere and companies to recruit talent from anywhere. Education, especially higher education, faces a major disruption (and major opportunity) that is likely to shake the high-cost model of in-person education in favor of online or hybrid education. Regrettably, the book recognizes one trend accentuated by Covid-19--the growing inequality, and anticipates that the new normal will be more stratified.

Science-Based Approaches to Respond to COVID and Other Public Health Threats

Science-Based Approaches to Respond to COVID and Other Public Health Threats
Author: Erick Guerrero
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2021-12-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1839691433

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COVID-19 and other public health threats have contributed to more than six million deaths globally in a short amount of time. As such, there is an urgent need to respond to these threats in a way that improves global health and wellbeing. Written by a diverse group of exemplary scientists, the thirteen chapters in this volume provide unique, comprehensive, and science-based approaches to respond to macro-structural, human process, and micro issues affecting public health threats.

Recent Advances in Multi-state Systems Reliability

Recent Advances in Multi-state Systems Reliability
Author: Anatoly Lisnianski
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 378
Release: 2017-08-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319634232

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This book addresses a modern topic in reliability: multi-state and continuous-state system reliability, which has been intensively developed in recent years. It offers an up-to-date overview of the latest developments in reliability theory for multi-state systems, engineering applications to a variety of technical problems, and case studies that will be of interest to reliability engineers and industrial managers. It also covers corresponding theoretical issues, as well as case studies illustrating the applications of the corresponding theoretical advances. The book is divided into two parts: Modern Mathematical Methods for Multi-state System Reliability Analysis (Part 1), and Applications and Case Studies (Part 2), which examines real-world multi-state systems. It will greatly benefit scientists and researchers working in reliability, as well as practitioners and managers with an interest in reliability and performability analysis. It can also be used as a textbook or as a supporting text for postgraduate courses in Industrial Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Mathematics, and Operations Research.

Geopolitics, Supply Chains, and International Relations in East Asia

Geopolitics, Supply Chains, and International Relations in East Asia
Author: Etel Solingen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2021-05-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 110883356X

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An accessible overview of political, economic, and strategic dimensions of global supply chains in a changing global political economy.

Digital Labour Markets in Central and Eastern European Countries

Digital Labour Markets in Central and Eastern European Countries
Author: Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2023-01-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000829154

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This book examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changing labour markets and accelerating digitalisation of the workplace in Central and Eastern Europe. It provides an innovative and enriching take on the work experience from the pandemic times and discusses the challenges of ongoing changes in labour markets and workplaces in a way that is not covered by the extant literature. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and digitalisation on labour market outcomes is analysed throughout 12 chapters, by 34 labour market experts from various CEE countries. Most chapters are based on empirical methods yet are presented in an easy-to-follow way to make the book also accessible for a non-scientific audience. The volume addresses the three key goals: to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adoption of workplace digitalisation in the selected labour markets in CEE countries and the potential trade-offs facing those who do and do not have access to this benefit to complement the labour market research by incorporating the outputs of changing demand for skills to contribute new insight into policies and regulations that govern the future of work The book argues that the recent COVID-19 pandemic was a sombre reminder of the relevance and necessity of digital technology for a variety of sectors and market activities. It concludes that to downside the risks of vanishing jobs, as well as to minimise the threats and maximise the opportunities of digitalisation in CEE countries, labour market partners need to consider an effective governance tool in terms of inclusive access to the digital environment, re-skilling, and balanced regulations of the more problematic facets of digital work. The book will be of interest to postgraduate researchers and academics in the fields of labour economics, regional economics, and macroeconomics. Additionally, due to the broader policy implications of the topic, the book will appeal to policymakers and experts interested in labour economics. The Introduction, Chapters 4 and 12 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.