Options For Operationalising Transparency In Commodity Trading Transactions
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| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 43 |
| Release | : 2021-08-06 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264986820 |
Download OECD Development Policy Tools Options for Operationalising Transparency in Commodity Trading Transactions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Given their sheer magnitude, the payments made by companies for the purchase of oil, gas and minerals from governments or state-owned enterprises are of significant public interest. However, only a few commodity trading companies regularly publicly disclose information in respect of their payments to governments for the purchase of these publicly-owned commodities.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 43 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789264929821 |
Download Options for Operationalising Transparency in Commodity Trading Transactions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Given their sheer magnitude, the payments made by companies for the purchase of oil, gas and minerals from governments or state-owned enterprises are of significant public interest. However, only a few commodity trading companies regularly publicly disclose information in respect of their payments to governments for the purchase of these publicly-owned commodities. This report makes a case for the development of a common global standard on transparency of payments that trading hubs, home governments and industry associations can use to ensure consistency, comparability and usability of data, building on the 2019 EITI Standard. Complementary measures by host governments and SOEs are necessary to set shared expectations across jurisdictions, including in producing countries. These include the adoption of disclosure policies as well as the inclusion of disclosure obligations in commodity sales contracts to set clear expectations on transparency of payments, and avoid potential conflicting requirements and bilateral negotiations.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 43 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789264418356 |
Download Options for Operationalising Transparency in Commodity Trading Transactions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Given their sheer magnitude, the payments made by companies for the purchase of oil, gas and minerals from governments or state-owned enterprises are of significant public interest. However, only a few commodity trading companies regularly publicly disclose information in respect of their payments to governments for the purchase of these publicly-owned commodities. This report makes a case for the development of a common global standard on transparency of payments that trading hubs, home governments and industry associations can use to ensure consistency, comparability and usability of data, building on the 2019 EITI Standard. Complementary measures by host governments and SOEs are necessary to set shared expectations across jurisdictions, including in producing countries. These include the adoption of disclosure policies as well as the inclusion of disclosure obligations in commodity sales contracts to set clear expectations on transparency of payments, and avoid potential conflicting requirements and bilateral negotiations.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2021-06-30 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264699759 |
Download OECD Development Policy Tools Typology of Corruption Risks in Commodity Trading Transactions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Commodity trading presents specific and heightened risks of corruption due to the large amount of money involved in commodity trading transactions, which are source of important revenues for developing countries, and due to the sophisticated mechanisms used to channel corrupt payments.
| Author | : Arild Angelsen |
| Publisher | : CIFOR |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2008-01-01 |
| Genre | : Climatic changes |
| ISBN | : 9791412766 |
Download Moving Ahead with REDD: Issues, Options and Implications Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
| Author | : Marc Bacchetta |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789287038128 |
Download A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
| Author | : Arild Angelsen |
| Publisher | : CIFOR |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 2009-01-01 |
| Genre | : Climatic changes |
| ISBN | : 6028693030 |
Download Realising REDD+ Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.
| Author | : Collectif |
| Publisher | : OECD |
| Total Pages | : 135 |
| Release | : 2016-08-18 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9264262806 |
Download Corruption in the Extractive Value Chain Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
One case of transnational corruption out of five occurs in the extractive sector according to the 2014 OECD Foreign Bribery Report. In this area, corruption has become increasingly complex and sophisticated affecting each stage of the extractive value chain with potential huge revenue losses for the public coffers. This report is intended to help policy makers, law enforcement officials and stakeholders strengthen prevention efforts at both the public and private levels, through improved understanding and enhanced awareness of corruption risk and mechanisms. It will help better tailoring responses to evolving corruption patterns and effectively countering adaptive strategies. The report also offers options to put a cost on corruption to make it less attractive at both the public and private levels.
| Author | : World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 1217 |
| Release | : 2017-11-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464811474 |
Download Doing Business 2018 Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Fifteen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2018 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity: • Starting a business • Dealing with construction permits • Getting electricity • Registering property • Getting credit • Protecting minority investors • Paying taxes • Trading across borders • Enforcing contracts • Resolving insolvency These areas are included in the distance to frontier score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2017, ranks economies on their overall “ease of doing business†?, and analyzes reforms to business regulation †“ identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. Doing Business illustrates how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. It is a flagship product produced in partnership by the World Bank Group that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 137 economies have used the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 2,182 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception. Data Notes; Distance to Frontier and Ease of Doing Business Ranking; and Summaries of Doing Business Reforms in 2016/17 can be downloaded separately from the Doing Business website.
| Author | : Mr. Marc C Dobler |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 2021-12-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513593404 |
Download E-Money: Prudential Supervision, Oversight, and User Protection Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This departmental paper discusses the evolving prudential frameworks for nonbank issuers of electronic money. Some jurisdictions take a relatively light-touch approach to regulating electronic money issuers (EMIs). Others have sought to apply more stringent requirements to protect electronic money (e-money) users, as the sector has grown in importance. The paper aims to build on previous IMF staff contributions to the literature and to draw policy conclusions for strengthening e-money regulatory regimes; in particular in jurisdictions where issuers, individually or collectively, have grown to a size to which they are of macro-financial importance (see below). Chapter 2 provides background on the development of e-money, its economic benefits, and potential risks. Chapter 3 discusses prudential supervision of EMIs, followed in Chapter 4 by their oversight from a payments system perspective. Chapter 5 discusses potential additional measures for user protection and contingency arrangements for EMI failure. The last chapter presents policy recommendations for policymakers, especially in those emerging market economies and developing countries wherein EMIs have reached a scale at which they could have a significant economic impact if they were to fail.
