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The medical field of orthopaedics, also known as orthopedic surgery, is concerned with preserving and restoring the function of the skeletal system and its associated structures, such as the muscles, joints, and spinal and other bones. In his work L'Orthopédie, which featured an engraving of a crooked tree splinted with a post and a rope that later became a symbol of the field, French physician Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard introduced the term orthopedics. Jean André Venel, who established an institute in Switzerland to treat crippled children's skeletal deformities, laid the groundwork for the future of orthopedics. In the 19th century, we learned a lot more about how muscles work and how bones grow and develop. The introduction of quick-setting plaster of Paris for use in orthopedic bandages, the new operation of tenotomises (the cutting of tendons that made it easier to correct deformities), the surgical correction of clubfoot, and the Thomas splint (which provided better support for fractures of long bones in the limbs) were all significant advancements at this time. In the early 20th century, numerous orthopedic training centers were established as a result of the efforts of Sir Robert Jones and the large number of casualties that resulted from World War I. Bicep curl, male muscle, man flexing arm Facts You Should Know About the Britannica Quiz: The Human Body Quiz In today's orthopedics, in addition to treating fractures, broken bones, strained muscles, torn ligaments and tendons, and other traumatic injuries, a wide variety of acquired and congenital skeletal deformities and the effects of degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis are also addressed. Orthopedics, which used to be a specialty that relied on heavy braces and splints, now uses bone grafts, artificial plastic joints for the hip and other disease-damaged bones, artificial limbs, special footwear, and braces to help disabled patients get around again. In addition to traditional medicine and surgery, orthopedics employs physical, rehabilitation, and occupational therapy methods.
