Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain

Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain
Author: David Pengelley
Publisher: American Mathematical Society
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2023-06-29
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1470472201

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Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain: An Inquiry Course is an innovative textbook for an introductory number theory course. Sophie Germain (1776–1831) was largely self-taught in mathematics and, two centuries ago, in solitude, devised and implemented a plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem. We have only recently completely understood this work from her unpublished letters and manuscripts. David Pengelley has been a driving force in unraveling this mystery and here he masterfully guides his readers along a path of discovery. Germain, because of her circumstances as the first woman to do important original mathematical research, was forced to learn most of what we now include in an undergraduate number theory course for herself. Pengelley has taken excerpts of her writings (and those of others) and, by asking his readers to decipher them, skillfully leads us through an inquiry-based course in elementary number theory. It is a detective story on multiple levels. What is Sophie Germain thinking? What do her mathematical writings mean? How do we understand what she knew and what she was trying to do, where she succeeded and where she didn't? Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germainis simultaneously a masterpiece of historical scholarship, a guide to reading and teaching from primary-source historical documents, an inquiry-based textbook for introductory number theory, and the riveting story of a major, but still unappreciated, mathematician. Work is required of the reader. Readers are carefully guided to discover and prove almost all results for themselves in a sequence of scaffolded exploratory tasks with hints, fully integrated with the narrative. The difficulty of the inquiry tasks varies considerably, but the author provides the reader with appropriately helpful guidance at every step. An introductory number theory course taught with this text would be a remarkable, potentially life-changing, experience. —Stephen Kennedy, Carleton College and MAA Press

Sophie Germain

Sophie Germain
Author: Shauna L. Hoffman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 1995
Genre: Fermat's last theorem
ISBN:

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Graph Theory

Graph Theory
Author: Karin R Saoub
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2021-03-17
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0429779879

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Graph Theory: An Introduction to Proofs, Algorithms, and Applications Graph theory is the study of interactions, conflicts, and connections. The relationship between collections of discrete objects can inform us about the overall network in which they reside, and graph theory can provide an avenue for analysis. This text, for the first undergraduate course, will explore major topics in graph theory from both a theoretical and applied viewpoint. Topics will progress from understanding basic terminology, to addressing computational questions, and finally ending with broad theoretical results. Examples and exercises will guide the reader through this progression, with particular care in strengthening proof techniques and written mathematical explanations. Current applications and exploratory exercises are provided to further the reader’s mathematical reasoning and understanding of the relevance of graph theory to the modern world. Features The first chapter introduces graph terminology, mathematical modeling using graphs, and a review of proof techniques featured throughout the book The second chapter investigates three major route problems: eulerian circuits, hamiltonian cycles, and shortest paths. The third chapter focuses entirely on trees – terminology, applications, and theory. Four additional chapters focus around a major graph concept: connectivity, matching, coloring, and planarity. Each chapter brings in a modern application or approach. Hints and Solutions to selected exercises provided at the back of the book. Author Karin R. Saoub is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia. She earned her PhD in mathematics from Arizona State University and BA from Wellesley College. Her research focuses on graph coloring and on-line algorithms applied to tolerance graphs. She is also the author of A Tour Through Graph Theory, published by CRC Press.

Marvels of Science

Marvels of Science
Author: Kendall Haven
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 261
Release: 1994-04-15
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0313090009

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These 50 tales take just minutes to read but amply illustrate scientific principles and the evolution of science through history. Discussion questions and additional references are included and stories are cross-indexed by year of occurrence and by scientist. Focusing on the characters, events, and moments of genius that comprise the story of science, these 50 short reads are ideal for both read-alouds and reading assignments. The tales take just minutes to read but amply illustrate scientific principles and the evolution of science through history. Discussion questions and additional references correlate each story with elements of the science curriculum and provide direction for students to pursue their own discoveries. Stories are cross-indexed by year of occurrence and by scientist.

Nothing Stopped Sophie

Nothing Stopped Sophie
Author: Cheryl Bardoe
Publisher: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2018-06-12
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 0316394297

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The true story of eighteenth-century mathematician Sophie Germain, who solved the unsolvable to achieve her dream. When her parents took away her candles to keep their young daughter from studying math...nothing stopped Sophie. When a professor discovered that the homework sent to him under a male pen name came from a woman...nothing stopped Sophie. And when she tackled a math problem that male scholars said would be impossible to solve...still, nothing stopped Sophie. For six years Sophie Germain used her love of math and her undeniable determination to test equations that would predict patterns of vibrations. She eventually became the first woman to win a grand prize from France's prestigious Academy of Sciences for her formula, which laid the groundwork for much of modern architecture (and can be seen in the book's illustrations). Award-winning author Cheryl Bardoe's inspiring and poetic text is brought to life by acclaimed artist Barbara McClintock's intricate pen-and-ink, watercolor, and collage illustrations in this true story about a woman who let nothing stop her.

A Primer of Analytic Number Theory

A Primer of Analytic Number Theory
Author: Jeffrey Stopple
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2003-06-23
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780521012539

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An undergraduate-level 2003 introduction whose only prerequisite is a standard calculus course.

ENC Focus Review

ENC Focus Review
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2003
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN:

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The ABC’s of Science

The ABC’s of Science
Author: Giuseppe Mussardo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2020-11-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030551695

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Science, with its inherent tension between the known and the unknown, is an inexhaustible mine of great stories. Collected here are twenty-six among the most enchanting tales, one for each letter of the alphabet: the main characters are scientists of the highest caliber most of whom, however, are unknown to the general public. This book goes from A to Z. The letter A stands for Abel, the great Norwegian mathematician, here involved in an elliptic thriller about a fundamental theorem of mathematics, while the letter Z refers to Absolute Zero, the ultimate and lowest temperature limit, - 273,15 degrees Celsius, a value that is tremendously cooler than the most remote corner of the Universe: the race to reach this final outpost of coldness is not yet complete, but, similarly to the history books of polar explorations at the beginning of the 20th century, its pages record successes, failures, fierce rivalries and tragic desperations. In between the A and the Z, the other letters of the alphabet are similar to the various stages of a very fascinating journey along the paths of science, a journey in the company of a very unique set of characters as eccentric and peculiar as those in Ulysses by James Joyce: the French astronomer who lost everything, even his mind, to chase the transits of Venus; the caustic Austrian scientist who, perfectly at ease with both the laws of psychoanalysis and quantum mechanics, revealed the hidden secrets of dreams and the periodic table of chemical elements; the young Indian astrophysicist who was the first to understand how a star dies, suffering the ferocious opposition of his mentor for this discovery. Or the Hungarian physicist who struggled with his melancholy in the shadows of the desert of Los Alamos; or the French scholar who was forced to hide her femininity behind a false identity so as to publish fundamental theorems on prime numbers. And so on and so forth. Twenty-six stories, which reveal the most authentic atmosphere of science and the lives of some of its main players: each story can be read in quite a short period of time -- basically the time it takes to get on and off the train between two metro stations. Largely independent from one another, these twenty-six stories make the book a harmonious polyphony of several voices: the reader can invent his/her own very personal order for the chapters simply by ordering the sequence of letters differently. For an elementary law of Mathematics, this can give rise to an astronomically large number of possible books -- all the same, but - then again - all different. This book is therefore the ideal companion for an infinite number of real or metaphoric journeys.

Dirichlet

Dirichlet
Author: Uta C. Merzbach
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2018-12-29
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3030010732

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This is the first extensive biography of the influential German mathematician, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805 – 1859). Dirichlet made major contributions to number theory in addition to clarifying concepts such as the representation of functions as series, the theory of convergence, and potential theory. His mathematical methodology was explicitly based on a thorough knowledge of the work of his predecessors and his belief in the underlying unity of the branches of mathematics. This unified approach is exemplified in a paper that effectively launched the field of analytic number theory. The same orientation pervaded his teaching, which had a profound influence on the work of many mathematicians of subsequent generations. Chapters dealing with his mathematical work alternate with biographical chapters that place Dirichlet’s life and those of some of his notable associates in the context of the political, social, and artistic culture of the period. This book will appeal not only to mathematicians but also to historians of mathematics and sciences, and readers interested in the cultural and intellectual history of the nineteenth century.

Prime Suspects

Prime Suspects
Author: Andrew Granville
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2019-08-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0691188734

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An outrageous graphic novel that investigates key concepts in mathematics Integers and permutations—two of the most basic mathematical objects—are born of different fields and analyzed with separate techniques. Yet when the Mathematical Sciences Investigation team of crack forensic mathematicians, led by Professor Gauss, begins its autopsies of the victims of two seemingly unrelated homicides, Arnie Integer and Daisy Permutation, they discover the most extraordinary similarities between the structures of each body. Prime Suspects is a graphic novel that takes you on a voyage of forensic discovery, exploring some of the most fundamental ideas in mathematics. Travel with Detective von Neumann as he leaves no clue unturned, from shepherds’ huts in the Pyrenees to secret societies in the cafés of Paris, from the hidden codes in the music of the stones to the grisly discoveries in Finite Fields. Tremble at the ferocity of the believers in deep and rigid abstraction. Feel the frustration—and the excitement—of our young heroine, Emmy Germain, as she blazes a trail for women in mathematical research and learns from Professor Gauss, the greatest forensic detective of them all. Beautifully drawn and exquisitely detailed, Prime Suspects is unique, astonishing, and witty—a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience mathematics like never before.