New Tools for Enhanced Proteome Characterization

New Tools for Enhanced Proteome Characterization
Author: Rachel M. Miller (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

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Proteins are the key biological actors within cells, driving many biological processes integral for both healthy and diseased states. Understanding the depth of complexity represented within the proteome is crucial to our scientific understandingof cellular biology and to provide disease specific insights for clinical applications. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is the premier method for proteome analysis, with the ability to both identify and quantify proteins. Although proteomics continues to grow as a robust field of bioanalytical chemistry, advances are still necessary to enable a more comprehensive view of the proteome. In this thesis, several new tools for the improvement of proteome characterization are described, seeking to not only increase the depth of proteome characterization, but also the precision of the results obtained. In Chapter 1, an overview of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is provided including specific background information for the different areas of proteomic analysis addressed in the chapters of this thesis. Chapter 2 introduces multi-protease protein inference and illustrates advantages of utilizing peptides from multiple proteolytic digests for protein inference. Chapter 3 describes an in silico digestion software tool called ProteaseGuru, designed to aid in the consideration of alternative proteases for bottom-up experiments. Chapter 4 establishes a software pipeline for the generation of sample-specific databases from PacBio long-read sequencing data. Chapter 5 describes the discovery and validation of dehydroamino acid residues within the HIV-1 virus. These uncommon post-translational modifications (PTMs) were initially discovered using global PTM discovery (GPTMD), and then subsequently validated using a chemical labeling strategy. All the works described throughout this thesis are summarized and future directions for the improvement of proteome characterization are outlined in Chapter 6.

Introduction to Proteomics

Introduction to Proteomics
Author: Daniel Liebler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2001-12-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0896039919

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Daniel C. Liebler masterfully introduces the science of proteomics by spelling out the basics of how one analyzes proteins and proteomes, and just how these approaches are then employed to investigate their roles in living systems. He explains the key concepts of proteomics, how the analytical instrumentation works, what data mining and other software tools do, and how these tools can be integrated to study proteomes. Also discussed are how protein and peptide separation techniques are applied in proteomics, how mass spectrometry is used to identify proteins, and how data analysis software enables protein identification and the mapping of modifications. In addition, there are proteomic approaches for analyzing differential protein expression, characterizing proteomic diversity, and dissecting protein-protein interactions and networks.

Proteome Characterization and Proteomics

Proteome Characterization and Proteomics
Author: Timothy D. Veenstra
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 445
Release: 2003-10-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080569153

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The content of this volume is designed to reach a wide audience, including those involved with relevant technologies such as electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, to those interested in how proteomics can benefit research. A wide range of techniques are discussed, each specifically designed to address different needs in proteomic analysis. The concluding chapter discusses the important issue related to handling large amounts of data accumulated in proteomic studies. Discusses proteomics in the postgenomic age Includes various strategies for quantitative proteomics Covers the role of MS in structural functional proteomics and proteomics in drug discovery and bioinformatics

2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols

2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols
Author: Andrew J. Link
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 585
Release: 2008-02-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1592595847

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With the completion of sequencing projects and the advancement of a- lytical tools for protein identification, proteomics—the study of the expressed part of the genome—has become a major region of the burgeoning field of functional genomics. High-resolution 2-D gels can reveal virtually all p- teins present in a cell or tissue at any given time, including posttranslationally modified proteins. Changes in the expression and structure of most cellular proteins caused by differentiation or external stimuli can be displayed and eventually identified using 2-D protein gels. 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols covers all aspects of the use of 2-D protein electrophoresis for the analysis of biological problems. The contri- tors include many of the leaders in the fields of biochemistry and analytical chemistry who were instrumental in the development of high-resolution 2-D gels, immobilized pH gradients, computer analysis, and mass spectromet- based protein identification methodologies. This book is intended as a benchtop manual and guide both for novices to 2-D gels and for those aficionados who wish to try the newer techniques. Any group using protein biochemistry—especially in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, and cell biology—should find this book eminently useful. 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols takes the researcher through the c- plete process of working with 2-D protein gels from making the protein - tract to finally identifying the proteins of interest. It includes protocols for generating 2-D protein extracts from most of the standard model organisms, including bacteria, yeast, nematode, Drosophila, plants, mouse, and human.

Introduction to Proteomics

Introduction to Proteomics
Author: Daniel Liebler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2014-01-15
Genre:
ISBN: 9781475755978

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Modern Proteomics – Sample Preparation, Analysis and Practical Applications

Modern Proteomics – Sample Preparation, Analysis and Practical Applications
Author: Hamid Mirzaei
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 525
Release: 2016-12-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319414488

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This volume serves as a proteomics reference manual, describing experimental design and execution. The book also shows a large number of examples as to what can be achieved using proteomics techniques. As a relatively young area of scientific research, the breadth and depth of the current state of the art in proteomics might not be obvious to all potential users. There are various books and review articles that cover certain aspects of proteomics but they often lack technical details. Subject specific literature also lacks the broad overviews that are needed to design an experiment in which all steps are compatible and coherent. The objective of this book was to create a proteomics manual to provide scientists who are not experts in the field with an overview of: 1. The types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry for proteomics analysis. 2. Ways to convert biological or ecological samples to analytes ready for mass spectral analysis. 3. Ways to reduce the complexity of the proteome to achieve better coverage of the constituent proteins. 4. How various mass spectrometers work and different ways they can be used for proteomics analysis 5. The various platforms that are available for proteomics data analysis 6. The various applications of proteomics technologies in biological and medical sciences This book should appeal to anyone with an interest in proteomics technologies, proteomics related bioinformatics and proteomics data generation and interpretation. With the broad setup and chapters written by experts in the field, there is information that is valuable for students as well as for researchers who are looking for a hands on introduction into the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of proteomics.

Proteoform Identification

Proteoform Identification
Author: Liangliang Sun
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-06-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781071623275

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This volume discusses the latest mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies for proteoform identification, characterization, and quantification. Some of the topics covered in this book include sample preparation, proteoform separation, proteoform gas-phase fragmentation, and bioinformatics tools for MS data analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Proteoform Identification: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers in both academia and the biopharmaceutical industry who are interested in proteoform analysis using MS.

Proteomics Technologies and Applications

Proteomics Technologies and Applications
Author: Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 134
Release: 2019-09-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1789846102

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Proteomics Technologies and Applications reviews and describes the nature and application of molecules with proteins or peptides, and elucidates and predicts the possible molecular and physiological causes related to changing proteomic profiles. Chapters target various methods and tools available for analysis, detection, separation, quantification, and localization of cell proteomes of a biological system, which are helpful as biomarkers for various disease prognoses and diagnoses.

Development and Integration of Informatic Tools for Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Proteomic Datasets Generated by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Development and Integration of Informatic Tools for Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Proteomic Datasets Generated by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Author: Rachel Michelle Adams
Publisher:
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2013
Genre: Bioinformatics
ISBN:

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Shotgun proteomic experiments provide qualitative and quantitative analytical information from biological samples ranging in complexity from simple bacterial isolates to higher eukaryotes such as plants and humans and even to communities of microbial organisms. Improvements to instrument performance, sample preparation, and informatic tools are increasing the scope and volume of data that can be analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). To accommodate for these advances, it is becoming increasingly essential to choose and/or create tools that can not only scale well but also those that make more informed decisions using additional features within the data. Incorporating novel and existing tools into a scalable, modular workflow not only provides more accurate, contextualized perspectives of processed data, but it also generates detailed, standardized outputs that can be used for future studies dedicated to mining general analytical or biological features, anomalies, and trends. This research developed cyber-infrastructure that would allow a user to seamlessly run multiple analyses, store the results, and share processed data with other users. The work represented in this dissertation demonstrates successful implementation of an enhanced bioinformatics workflow designed to analyze raw data directly generated from MS instruments and to create fully-annotated reports of qualitative and quantitative protein information for large-scale proteomics experiments. Answering these questions requires several points of engagement between informatics and analytical understanding of the underlying biochemistry of the system under observation. Deriving meaningful information from analytical data can be achieved through linking together the concerted efforts of more focused, logistical questions. This study focuses on the following aspects of proteomics experiments: spectra to peptide matching, peptide to protein mapping, and protein quantification and differential expression. The interaction and usability of these analyses and other existing tools are also described. By constructing a workflow that allows high-throughput processing of massive datasets, data collected within the past decade can be standardized and updated with the most recent analyses.

Neuroproteomics

Neuroproteomics
Author: Oscar Alzate
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2009-10-26
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1420076264

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In this, the post-genomic age, our knowledge of biological systems continues to expand and progress. As the research becomes more focused, so too does the data. Genomic research progresses to proteomics and brings us to a deeper understanding of the behavior and function of protein clusters. And now proteomics gives way to neuroproteomics as we beg