This book contains a collection of essays by leading conflict resolution analysts and practitioners from across the globe. It aims to serve as a resource for policymakers, negotiators, and mediators who are striving to resolve intractable conflicts that account for widespread casualties and immeasurable suffering, and that challenge governments with acute policy and security dilemmas. "This volume promises to make an important contribution to the literature on diplomatic interventions in situations of protracted conflict. The case studies presented cover the array of issues that conflicting parties must consider before and during negotiations. The universality of many of the lessons learned suggests that policymakers and negotiators should heed the advice in this well-conceived volume." Daniel Kurtzer, Professor at Princeton University, former U.S. Ambassador to Egypt and Israel "Drawing on both experience and research from a large number of highly qualified contributors, this volume provides a rich guide to negotiations in conflict situations. Dealing with the many factors that may impede or aid resolution of conflict, the authors do not shy away from the possibility that a conflict may not be 'ripe' for resolution. The collection is especially welcome for addressing many of the seemingly implacable impediments to the successful conclusion of negotiations." Galia Golan, Professor Emerita at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya "An invaluable guide for practitioners and students of negotiations. One of its main conclusions, which I wholeheartedly endorse, is that negotiations can only succeed when there's urgency and the pain and gain that accompany it." Aaron David Miller, Middle East analyst, Vice President for New Initiatives at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars