This research paper is devoted to studying the problems of state-building in Afghanistan in the context of the ethnopolitical fragmentation, as well as analyzing issues related to resolving the ―Afghan problem,‖ taking into account the interests of the mutually competing and mutually cooperating military-political forces of Afghanistan. The author also examines the shortcomings of the ethnic-policy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and various possible ways of resolving the ―Afghan problem‖ at the present stage. Also, the author investigated the theoretical aspects of state-building in postconflict states (societies), the theoretical understanding of the roots of the ethnopolitical fragmentation of Afghanistan and the concept of a ―failed state,‖ classical approaches to the state formation under the ethnic conflict conditions, and considered the prospects of a multi-ethnic political system in Afghanistan through institutional mechanisms.