Multi-layer Approach to Motion Planning in Obstacle Rich Environment

Multi-layer Approach to Motion Planning in Obstacle Rich Environment
Author: Sung Hyun Kim
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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A widespread use of robotic technology in civilian and military applications has generated a need for advanced motion planning algorithms that are real-time implementable. These algorithms are required to navigate autonomous vehicles through obstacle-rich environments. This research has led to the development of the multilayer trajectory generation approach. It is built on the principle of separation of concerns, which partitions a given problem into multiple independent layers, and addresses complexity that is inherent at each level. We partition the motion planning algorithm into a roadmap layer and an optimal control layer. At the roadmap layer, elements of computational geometry are used to process the obstacle rich environment and generate feasible sets. These are used by the optimal control layer to generate trajectories while satisfying dynamics of the vehicle. The roadmap layer ignores the dynamics of the system, and the optimal control layer ignores the complexity of the environment, thus achieving a separation of concern. This decomposition enables computationally tractable methods to be developed for addressing motion planning in complex environments. The approach is applied in known and unknown environments. The methodology developed in this thesis has been successfully applied to a 6 DOF planar robotic testbed. Simulation results suggest that the planner can generate trajectories that navigate through obstacles while satisfying dynamical constraints.

Selected papers from the 2nd International Symposium on UAVs, Reno, U.S.A. June 8-10, 2009

Selected papers from the 2nd International Symposium on UAVs, Reno, U.S.A. June 8-10, 2009
Author: Kimon P. Valavanis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 519
Release: 2011-04-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9048187648

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In the last decade, signi?cant changes have occurred in the ?eld of vehicle motion planning, and for UAVs in particular. UAV motion planning is especially dif?cult due to several complexities not considered by earlier planning strategies: the - creased importance of differential constraints, atmospheric turbulence which makes it impossible to follow a pre-computed plan precisely, uncertainty in the vehicle state, and limited knowledge about the environment due to limited sensor capabilities. These differences have motivated the increased use of feedback and other control engineering techniques for motion planning. The lack of exact algorithms for these problems and dif?culty inherent in characterizing approximation algorithms makes it impractical to determine algorithm time complexity, completeness, and even soundness. This gap has not yet been addressed by statistical characterization of experimental performance of algorithms and benchmarking. Because of this overall lack of knowledge, it is dif?cult to design a guidance system, let alone choose the algorithm. Throughout this paper we keep in mind some of the general characteristics and requirements pertaining to UAVs. A UAV is typically modeled as having velocity and acceleration constraints (and potentially the higher-order differential constraints associated with the equations of motion), and the objective is to guide the vehicle towards a goal through an obstacle ?eld. A UAV guidance problem is typically characterized by a three-dimensional problem space, limited information about the environment, on-board sensors with limited range, speed and acceleration constraints, and uncertainty in vehicle state and sensor data.

Applications of Computational Methods in Manufacturing and Product Design

Applications of Computational Methods in Manufacturing and Product Design
Author: B. B. V. L. Deepak
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 663
Release: 2022-05-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811902968

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This book presents the select proceedings of the conference of Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing System (IPDIMS 2020), held at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India. The book addresses latest methods and advanced tools from different areas of design and manufacturing technology. The main topics covered include computational methods for robotics, mechatronics and human-computer interaction; computer-aided design, manufacturing and engineering; aesthetics, ergonomics and UX/UI design; smart manufacturing and expert systems. The contents of this book will be useful for researchers as well as professionals working in the areas of industrial design, mechatronics, robotics, and automation.

Motion Planning in Environments with Low Obstacle Density

Motion Planning in Environments with Low Obstacle Density
Author: A. Frank van der Stappen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 1995
Genre: Computational complexity
ISBN:

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Abstract: "We present a simple and efficient paradigm for computing the exact solution of the motion planning problem in environments with a low obstacle density. Such environments frequently occur in practical instances of the motion planning problem. The complexity of the free space for such environments is known to be linear in the number of obstacles. Our paradigm is a new cell decomposition approach to motion planning and exploits properties that follow from the low density of the obstacles in the robot's workspace. These properties allow us to decompose the workspace, subject to some constraints, rather than to decompose the higher-dimensional free configuration space directly. A sequence of uniform steps transforms the workspace decomposition into a free space decomposition of asympototically the same size. The approach applies to robots with any fixed number of degrees of freedom and turns out to be eifficient in many cases: it leads to nearly optimal O(n log n) algorithms for motion planning in 2D, for motion planning in 3D amidst obstacles of comparable size, and for motion planning on a planar workfloor in 3D. In addition, we obtain algorithms for planning 3D motions among polyhedral obstacles, running in O(n2 log n) time, and among arbitrary obstacles, running in time O(n3). Several other interesting instances of the motion planning seem adequately solvable by the paradigm as well."

Autonomy and Unmanned Vehicles

Autonomy and Unmanned Vehicles
Author: Somaiyeh MahmoudZadeh
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2018-08-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811322457

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This book addresses higher–lower level decision autonomy for autonomous vehicles, and discusses the addition of a novel architecture to cover both levels. The proposed framework’s performance and stability are subsequently investigated by employing different meta-heuristic algorithms. The performance of the proposed architecture is shown to be largely independent of the algorithms employed; the use of diverse algorithms (subjected to the real-time performance of the algorithm) does not negatively affect the system’s real-time performance. By analyzing the simulation results, the book demonstrates that the proposed model provides perfect mission timing and task management, while also guaranteeing secure deployment. Although mainly intended as a research work, the book’s review chapters and the new approaches developed here are also suitable for use in courses for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.

Motion Planning Amidst Transient Obstacles

Motion Planning Amidst Transient Obstacles
Author: Kikuo Fujimura
Publisher:
Total Pages: 27
Release: 1992
Genre: Robotics
ISBN:

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Abstract: "Motion planning in the presence of time-dependent obstacles is studied. Much of the prior approaches to motion planning problems assume that the obstacles always exist in the environment, whether they are stationary or in motion. In this paper, we consider the case that the environment contains obstacles whose existing periods are dependent on time, i.e., they can appear and disappear in the environment. This formulation allows us to model a variety of time-varying situations that can arise in application domains. A concept similar to that of visibility is used to solve the problem. An algorithm is presented to generate a motion in such a dynamic domain, its time-minimality is proved, and computation time is analyzed."

Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments

Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments
Author: Kikuo Fujimura
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 4431681655

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Computer Science Workbench is a monograph series which will provide you with an in-depth working knowledge of current developments in computer technology. Every volume in this series will deal with a topic of importance in computer science and elaborate on how you yourself can build systems related to the main theme. You will be able to develop a variety of systems, including computer software tools, computer graphics, computer animation, database management systems, and computer-aided design and manufacturing systems. Computer Science Workbench represents an important new contribution in the field of practical computer technology. TOSIYASU L. KUNII To my parents Kenjiro and Nori Fujimura Preface Motion planning is an area in robotics that has received much attention recently. Much of the past research focuses on static environments - various methods have been developed and their characteristics have been well investigated. Although it is essential for autonomous intelligent robots to be able to navigate within dynamic worlds, the problem of motion planning in dynamic domains is relatively little understood compared with static problems.

Learning for Adaptive and Reactive Robot Control

Learning for Adaptive and Reactive Robot Control
Author: Aude Billard
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 425
Release: 2022-02-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0262367017

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Methods by which robots can learn control laws that enable real-time reactivity using dynamical systems; with applications and exercises. This book presents a wealth of machine learning techniques to make the control of robots more flexible and safe when interacting with humans. It introduces a set of control laws that enable reactivity using dynamical systems, a widely used method for solving motion-planning problems in robotics. These control approaches can replan in milliseconds to adapt to new environmental constraints and offer safe and compliant control of forces in contact. The techniques offer theoretical advantages, including convergence to a goal, non-penetration of obstacles, and passivity. The coverage of learning begins with low-level control parameters and progresses to higher-level competencies composed of combinations of skills. Learning for Adaptive and Reactive Robot Control is designed for graduate-level courses in robotics, with chapters that proceed from fundamentals to more advanced content. Techniques covered include learning from demonstration, optimization, and reinforcement learning, and using dynamical systems in learning control laws, trajectory planning, and methods for compliant and force control . Features for teaching in each chapter: applications, which range from arm manipulators to whole-body control of humanoid robots; pencil-and-paper and programming exercises; lecture videos, slides, and MATLAB code examples available on the author’s website . an eTextbook platform website offering protected material[EPS2] for instructors including solutions.

Motion Planning for Mobile Robots

Motion Planning for Mobile Robots
Author: Xiangrong Xu
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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This chapter introduces two kinds of motion path planning algorithms for mobile robots or unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). First, we present an approach of trajectory planning for UGV or mobile robot under the existence of moving obstacles by using improved artificial potential field method. Then, we propose an I-RRT* algorithm for motion planning, which combines the environment with obstacle constraints, vehicle constraints, and kinematic constraints. All the simulation results and the experiments show that two kinds of algorithm are effective for practical use.

Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control 1989

Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control 1989
Author: Hua-Tian Li
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 127
Release: 2014-07-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1483298337

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Papers presented at the workshop are representative of the state-of-the art of artificial intelligence in real-time control. The issues covered included the use of AI methods in the design, implementation, testing, maintenance and operation of real-time control systems. While the focus was on the fundamental aspects of the methodologies and technologies, there were some applications papers which helped to put emerging theories into perspective. The four main subjects were architectural issues; knowledge - acquisition and learning; techniques; and scheduling, monitoring and management.