Multi-filed Actuation of Polymer Based Structures

Multi-filed Actuation of Polymer Based Structures
Author: Sarah Masters
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this project, active materials and sample configurations were explored with the goal of creating multi-field actuators, i.e., materials that respond to multiple stimuli to deform and change shape. Specifically, PVDF-TrFE- CTFE (terpolymer) and PDMS with barium ferrite particles were the two types of active materials used. Terpolymer is an electroactive polymer material, which actuates when an electric field is applied, and the PDMS with barium ferrite particles is a magnetoactive material, which actuates when placed in a magnetic field. By building different actuator configurations using these active materials, deformation and shape change can be achieved using both electric and magnetic fields. The main two motions observed throughout this project were bending (curvature across the entire sample) and folding (localized curvature at a notch). First, bending in a unimorph was explored; the unimorph was fabricated using solution cast terpolymer as the active material with scotch tape added to the sample as the inactive material. When an electric field is applied to this type of sample, the nanodomains present in the terpolymer cause it to contract in the thickness and expand in the length of the sample. Attaching a layer of scotch tape (inactive substrate) to the terpolymer restricts the planar expansion of the terpolymer when electric field is applied. This configuration, referred to as a unimorph, results in a bending motion towards the inactive substrate under electric field. Next, notches are introduced in the unimorph to transform the bending into folding; specifically, two smaller pieces of scotch tape were added on to the single layer of tape that was first placed on the terpolymer. A gap, i.e., notch, is left in between the two smaller pieces of tape that are added to the top of the sample. In the notched area, since there is less inactive substrate, these areas will exhibit more localized bending than the rest of the samples. Both single notch and double notch folding were explored. Double notch samples showed greater actuation, to the point where the sample curled up on itself because a large amount of folding was produced in both notches. Next, PDMS with barium ferrite particles was used to create a unimorph bender that would actuate when a magnetic field was applied. The barium ferrite particles are permanent magnetic particles, so when they are added to the PDMS and the entire sample is cured under a magnetic field, the resulting material has a magnetic pole direction. When the sample is then placed in an applied magnetic field, the sample actuates (bends) to try to align the poled direction of the sample with the direction of the external magnetic field. Finally, terpolymer and PDMS with barium ferrite particles were combined (attached together using an adhesive spray) into a bimorph structure. Both bending and folding actuators were investigated using this bimorph configuration. These multi-field actuators respond to both electric and magnetic fields. In conclusion, multi-field actuation of a single bimorph sample was achieved using both an electric and magnetic field. Both multi-field bending and folding were successfully demonstrated and quantified.

Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Based Composite Materials

Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Based Composite Materials
Author: Fabienne Touchard
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 366
Release: 2024-06-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0443159181

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Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites: Materials, Processes, and Properties presents the latest developments in AM of polymer matrix composites and illustrates the large range of composite materials that can be obtained. Different technologies with their own specificities such as: fused filament fabrication, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and direct-ink-writing. Composites with chopped or continuous reinforcement, with synthetic or natural fibers, with thermoplastic or thermoset resin are compared and described in detail. Their thermal, physical, electrical, and mechanical properties are discussed. The book is dedicated to professionals involved in engineering design and production, as well as industrial communities who want to gain in-depth knowledge in the field of 3D printed composites. Provides an overview of different methods for additive manufacturing of polymer-based matrix composites Covers long and short fiber-based composites and corresponding application examples Addresses the development and properties of a wide range of matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets), and fibers (natural and synthetic) in a user-specified orientation, continuous or random organization and hierarchical structures Presents sustainability and structural reliability of composite structures Displays a careful balance between materials science and technology, providing a detailed understanding of how composites’ properties, processing, performance, and structure are interrelated

Adaptronics and Smart Structures

Adaptronics and Smart Structures
Author: Hartmut Janocha
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 554
Release: 2007-10-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3540719679

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Adaptronic structures and systems are engineered to adjust automatically to variable operating and environmental conditions, through the use of feedback control. The authors of this book have taken on the task of comprehensively describing the current state of the art in this highly modern and broadly interdisciplinary field. The book presents selected examples of applications, and goes on to demonstrate current development trends.

Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications

Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications
Author: Kwang J. Kim
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2007-01-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1846283728

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This book covers the fundamental properties, modeling, and demonstration of Electroactive polymers in robotic applications. It particularly details artificial muscles and sensors. In addition, the book discusses the properties and uses in robotics applications of ionic polymer–metal composite actuators and dielectric elastomers.

Design and Control of Adaptive Civil Structures

Design and Control of Adaptive Civil Structures
Author: Gennaro Senatore
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2021-09-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 2889712923

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Recent Advancements in Polymeric Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Recent Advancements in Polymeric Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Author: Ram K. Gupta
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 502
Release: 2023-07-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9819941938

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This book covers the current, state-of-the-art knowledge, fundamental mechanisms, design strategies, and future challenges in electrochemical energy storage devices using polymeric materials. It looks into the fundamentals and working principles of electrochemical energy devices such as supercapacitors and batteries and explores new approaches for the synthesis of polymeric materials and their composites to broaden the vision for researchers to explore advanced materials for electrochemical energy applications. All the chapters are written by leading experts in these areas making it suitable as a reference for students as well as provide new directions to researchers and scientists working in polymers, energy, and nanotechnology.

Laser-induced Graphene

Laser-induced Graphene
Author: Ruquan Ye
Publisher:
Total Pages: 88
Release: 2020-11-30
Genre: Graphene
ISBN: 9789814877275

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LIG is a revolutionary technique that uses a common CO2 infrared laser scriber, like the one used in any machine shop, for the direct conversion of polymers into porous graphene under ambient conditions. This technique combines the preparation and patterning of 3D graphene in a single step, without the use of wet chemicals. The ease in the structural engineering and excellent mechanical properties of the 3D graphene obtained have made LIG a versatile technique for applications across many fields. This book compiles cutting-edge research on LIG by different research groups all over the world. It discusses the strategies that have been developed to synthesize and engineer graphene, including controlling its properties such as porosity, composition, and surface characteristics. The authors are pioneers in the discovery and development of LIG and the book will appeal to anyone involved in nanotechnology, chemistry, environmental sciences, and device development, especially those with an interest in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based materials.

Polymers in Organic Electronics

Polymers in Organic Electronics
Author: Sulaiman Khalifeh
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 617
Release: 2020-04-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 192788568X

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Polymers in Organic Electronics: Polymer Selection for Electronic, Mechatronic, and Optoelectronic Systems provides readers with vital data, guidelines, and techniques for optimally designing organic electronic systems using novel polymers. The book classifies polymer families, types, complexes, composites, nanocomposites, compounds, and small molecules while also providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of polymers and electronics. Features information on concepts and optimized types of electronics and a classification system of electronic polymers, including piezoelectric and pyroelectric, optoelectronic, mechatronic, organic electronic complexes, and more. The book is designed to help readers select the optimized material for structuring their organic electronic system.Chapters discuss the most common properties of electronic polymers, methods of optimization, and polymeric-structured printed circuit boards. The polymeric structures of optoelectronics and photonics are covered and the book concludes with a chapter emphasizing the importance of polymeric structures for packaging of electronic devices. Provides key identifying details on a range of polymers, micro-polymers, nano-polymers, resins, hydrocarbons, and oligomers Covers the most common electrical, electronic, and optical properties of electronic polymers Describes the underlying theories on the mechanics of polymer conductivity Discusses polymeric structured printed circuit boards, including their rapid prototyping and optimizing their polymeric structures Shows optimization methods for both polymeric structures of organic active electronic components and organic passive electronic components