Moment Tensor Solutions

Moment Tensor Solutions
Author: Sebastiano D'Amico
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 751
Release: 2018-05-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319773593

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This book first focuses on the explanation of the theory about focal mechanisms and moment tensor solutions and their role in the modern seismology. The second part of the book compiles several state-of-the-art case studies in different seismotectonic settings of the planet.The assessment of seismic hazard and the reduction of losses due to future earthquakes is probably the most important contribution of seismology to society. In this regard, the understanding of reliable determination seismic source and of its uncertainty can play a key role in contributing to geodynamic investigation, seismic hazard assessment and earthquake studies. In the last two decades, the use of waveforms recorded at local-to-regional distances has increased considerably. Waveform modeling has been used also to estimate faulting parameters of small-to-moderate sized earthquakes.

Acoustic Emission Testing

Acoustic Emission Testing
Author: Christian U. Grosse
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 403
Release: 2008-07-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3540699724

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Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques have been studied in civil engineering for a long time. The techniques are recently going to be more and more applied to practical applications and to be standardized in the codes. This is because the increase of aging structures and disastrous damages due to recent earthquakes urgently demand for maintenance and retrofit of civil structures in service for example. It results in the need for the development of advanced and effective inspection techniques. Thus, AE techniques draw a great attention to diagnostic applications and in material testing. The book covers all levels from the description of AE basics for AE beginners (level of a student) to sophisticated AE algorithms and applications to real large-scale structures as well as the observation of the cracking process in laboratory specimen to study fracture processes.

Foundations of Modern Global Seismology

Foundations of Modern Global Seismology
Author: Charles J. Ammon
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 604
Release: 2020-10-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128165170

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Modern Global Seismology, Second Edition, is a complete, self-contained primer on seismology, featuring extensive coverage of all related aspects—from observational data through prediction—and emphasizing the fundamental theories and physics governing seismic waves, both natural and anthropogenic. Based on thoroughly class-tested material, the text provides a unique perspective on Earth’s large-scale internal structure and dynamic processes, particularly earthquake sources, and the application of theory to the dynamic processes of the earth’s upper layer. This insightful new edition is designed for accessibility and comprehension for graduate students entering the field. Exploration seismologists will also find it an invaluable resource on topics such as elastic-wave propagation, seismic instrumentation, and seismogram analysis. Includes more than 400 illustrations, from both recent and traditional research articles, to help readers visualize mathematical relationships, as well as boxed features to explain advanced topics Offers incisive treatments of seismic waves, waveform evaluation and modeling, and seismotectonics, as well as quantitative treatments of earthquake source mechanics and numerous examples of modern broadband seismic recordings Covers current seismic instruments and networks and demonstrates modern waveform inversion methods Includes extensive, updated references for further reading new to this edition Features reorganized chapters split into two sections, beginning with introductory content such as tectonics and seismogram analysis, and moving on to more advanced topics, including seismic wave excitation and propagation, multivariable and vector calculus, and tensor approaches Completely updated references and figures to bring the text up to date Includes all-new sections on recent advancements and to enhance examples and understanding Split into shorter chapters to allow more flexibility for instructors and easier access for researchers, and includes exercises

Seismic Waves and Sources

Seismic Waves and Sources
Author: A. Ben-Menahem
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1127
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1461258561

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Earthquakes come and go as they please, leaving behind them trails of destruc tion and casualties. Although their occurrence is little affected by what we do or think, it is the task of earth scientists to keep studying them from all possible angles until ways and means are found to divert, forecast, and eventually control them. In ancient times people were awestruck by singular geophysical events, which were attributed to supernatural powers. It was recognized only in 1760 that earthquakes originated within the earth. A hundred years later, first systematic attempts were made to apply physical principles to study them. During the next century scientists accumulated knowledge about the effects of earthquakes, their geographic patterns, the waves emitted by them, and the internal constitution of the earth. During the past 20 years, seismology has made a tremendous progress, mainly because of the advent of modern computers and improvements in data acquisi tion systems, which are now capable of digital and analog recording of ground motion over a frequency range of five orders of magnitude. These technologic developments have enabled seismologists to make measurements with far greater precision and sophistication than was previously possible. Advanced computational analyses have been applied to high-quality data and elaborate theoretical models have been devised to interpret them. As a result, far reaching advances in our knowledge of the earth's structure and the nature of earthquake sources have occurred.

Earthquakes: Observation, Theory and Interpretation

Earthquakes: Observation, Theory and Interpretation
Author: H. Kanamori
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 629
Release: 1984-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444596119

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Earthquakes: Observation, Theory and Interpretation

Network Sensitivity Solutions for Regional Moment Tensor Inversions

Network Sensitivity Solutions for Regional Moment Tensor Inversions
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

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Well-resolved moment tensor solutions reveal information about the sources of seismic waves. Here we introduce a new way of assessing confidence in the regional full moment tensor inversion via the introduction of the network sensitivity solution (NSS). The NSS takes into account the unique station distribution, frequency band, and signal-to-noise ratio of a given event scenario. The NSS compares both a hypothetical pure source (for example an explosion or an earthquake) and the actual data with several thousand sets of synthetic data from a uniform distribution of all possible sources. The comparison with a hypothetical pure source provides the theoretically best-constrained source-type region for a given set of stations, and with it one can determine whether further analysis with the data is warranted. The NSS that employs the actual data gives a direct comparison of all other source-types with the best-fit source. In this way, one can choose a threshold level of fit where the solution is comfortably constrained. The method is tested for the well-recorded nuclear test, JUNCTION, at the Nevada Test Site. Sources that fit comparably well to a hypothetical pure explosion recorded with no noise at the JUNCTION data stations have a large volumetric component and are not described well by a double-couple (DC) source. The NSS using the real data from JUNCTION is even more tightly constrained to an explosion since the data contains some energy that precludes fitting with any type of deviatoric source. We also calculate the NSS for the October 2006 North Korea test and a nearby earthquake, where the station coverage is poor and the event magnitude is small. The earthquake solution is very well fit by a DC source, and the best-fit solution to the nuclear test (M{sub W}4.1) is dominantly explosion.

Principles of Seismology

Principles of Seismology
Author: Agustín Udías Vallina
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 573
Release: 2018
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1107138698

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This new edition features a completely new chapter on digital seismic data processing, numerous examples and 100 problems.

Earthquake Source Asymmetry, Structural Media and Rotation Effects

Earthquake Source Asymmetry, Structural Media and Rotation Effects
Author: Roman Teisseyre
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 582
Release: 2006-07-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540313370

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This breakthrough book is the first to examine the rotational effects in earthquakes, a revolutionary concept in seismology. Existing models do no yet explain the significant rotational and twisting motions that occur during an earthquake and cause the failure of structures. The rotation and twist effects are investigated and described, and their consequences for designing tall buildings and other important structures are presented. This book will change the way the world views earthquakes.

Routine Data Processing in Earthquake Seismology

Routine Data Processing in Earthquake Seismology
Author: Jens Havskov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2010-06-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9048186978

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The purpose of this book is to get a practical understanding of the most common processing techniques in earthquake seismology. The book deals with manual methods and computer assisted methods. Each topic will be introduced with the basic theory followed by practical examples and exercises. There are manual exercises entirely based on the printed material of the book, as well as computer exercises based on public domain software. Most exercises are computer based. The software used, as well as all test data are available from http://extras.springer.com. This book is intended for everyone processing earthquake data, both in the observatory routine and in connection with research. Using the exercises, the book can also be used as a basis for university courses in earthquake processing. Since the main emphasis is on processing, the theory will only be dealt with to the extent needed to understand the processing steps, however references will be given to where more extensive explanations can be found. Includes: • Exercises • Test data • Public domain software (SEISAN) available from http://extras.springer.com