Turbulence-Flame Interactions in Type Ia Supernovae

Turbulence-Flame Interactions in Type Ia Supernovae
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Release: 2008
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The large range of time and length scales involved in type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) requires the use of flame models. As a prelude to exploring various options for flame models, we consider, in this paper, high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of the small-scale dynamics of nuclear flames in the supernova environment in which the details of the flame structure are fully resolved. The range of densities examined, 1 to 8 x 107 g cm-3, spans the transition from the laminar flamelet regime to the distributed burning regime where small scale turbulence disrupts the flame. The use of a low Mach number algorithm facilitates the accurate resolution of the thermal structure of the flame and the inviscid turbulent kinetic energy cascade, while implicitly incorporating kinetic energy dissipation at the grid-scale cutoff. For an assumed background of isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence with an energy characteristic of SN Ia, we find a transition density between 1 and 3 x 107 g cm-3 where the nature of the burning changes ualitatively. By 1 x 107 g cm-3, energy diffusion by conduction and radiation is exceeded, on the flame scale, by turbulent advection. As a result, the effective Lewis Number approaches unity. That is, the flame resembles a laminar flame, but is turbulently broadened with an effective diffusion coefficient, D_T \sim u' l, where u' is the turbulent intensity and l is the integral scale. For the larger integral scales characteristic of a real supernova, the flame structure is predicted to become complex and unsteady. Implications for a possible transition to detonation are discussed.

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylorunstable Flames in Type Ia Supernovae

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylorunstable Flames in Type Ia Supernovae
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Release: 2005
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Flame instabilities play a dominant role in accelerating the burning front to a large fraction of the speed of sound in a Type Ia supernova. We present a three-dimensional numerical simulation of a Rayleigh-Taylor unstable carbon flame, following its evolution through the transition to turbulence. A low Mach number hydrodynamics method is used, freeing us from the harsh time step restrictions imposed by sound waves. We fully resolve the thermal structure of the flame and its reaction zone, eliminating the need for a flame model. A single density is considered, 1.5x107 gm/cc, and half carbon/half oxygen fuel--conditions under which the flame propagated in the flamelet regime in our related two-dimensional study. We compare to a corresponding two-dimensional simulation, and show that while fire-polishing keeps the small features suppressed in two dimensions, turbulence wrinkles the flame on far smaller scales in the three-dimensional case, suggesting that the transition to the distributed burning regime occurs at higher densities in three dimensions. Detailed turbulence diagnostics are provided. We show that the turbulence follows a Kolmogorov spectrum and is highly anisotropic on the large scales, with a much larger integral scale in the direction of gravity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it becomes more isotropic as it cascades down to small scales. Based on the turbulent statistics and the flame properties of our simulation, we compute the Gibson scale. We show the progress of the turbulent flame through a classic combustion regime diagram, indicating that the flame just enters the distributed burning regime near the end of our simulation.

Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Flames: The Competition Between Burning, Gravity and Self-generated Flow

Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Flames: The Competition Between Burning, Gravity and Self-generated Flow
Author: Elizabeth Peele Hicks
Publisher:
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN: 9781124868165

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A Type Ia supernova explosion may occur if a subsonic nuclear flame in a white dwarf star is wrinkled by turbulence produced by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and becomes supersonic. Our research investigates the plausibility of this theory by simulating a very simple case- a model flame in 2D. We performed a parameter study in which we changed only the non-dimensional gravitational force, G. The overarching goal of the thesis was to figure out how changing the strength of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability affects the flame surface and therefore the flame speed. At low values of G, this is a transition-to-turbulence type problem and we approached it from the dynamical systems point of view. Specifically, we measured various observables in our simulations and used them to search for simple bifurcation models of the flame behavior. For instance, the initial vortex shedding instability in the wake behind the flame front can be described by a Hopf bifurcation. Overall, simple temporal bifurcations are sufficient to describe the flame for low G. For high values of G, the simple dynamical systems approach breaks down. The area just behind the flame becomes fully turbulent and this turbulence wrinkles the flame front. Because the wrinkling takes place on all scales between the integral scale and the viscous scale, the flame assumes a fractal shape. We measured the fractal dimension of the flame front to assess the importance of this effect. For very high G, it turns out that large-scale Rayleigh-Taylor stretching is responsible for creating a larger part of flame surface than the turbulent wrinkling. This suggests that the flame speed is mostly determined by large-scale stretching driven by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, not by the secondary interaction of turbulence with the flame front. The flame speed predicted for this situation is much too small for the flame to become supersonic, casting some doubt on the Rayleigh-Taylor wrinkling mechanism for Type Ia explosions.

The Physics Of Supernovae And Their Mathematical Models

The Physics Of Supernovae And Their Mathematical Models
Author: Alexey G Aksenov
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2024-03-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 981128511X

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This book is dedicated to the theory of supernovae, focusing on new computational methods and simulations. It contains three parts: basic principles, numerical methods, and applications. The first part contains a non-formal introduction into the basics of supernovae, Boltzmann kinetic equations — with details of two particles reaction rate calculations — and the transformation of Boltzmann kinetic equations into hydrodynamic elements of statistical physics. It also contains the equation of state for matter of high energy density, with details of calculations for thermodynamic parameters, weak interactions, reaction rate details, and thermonuclear burning. The second part introduces elements of computational physics.The book closes with a presentation of original thought regarding the regime of burning in degenerate carbon-oxygen cores, a neutrino transport in Type II supernovae, a simulation of general relativity (GR) coalescence of neutron stars, aspherical nucleosynthesis in a core-collapse supernova, and thermalization in a pair of plasma winds from a compact strange star.This book brings together generally accepted simulations methods as well as original material written by two respected members of Russian research groups: the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics and Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. It contains the necessary information for a person to start independent research in this fast-developing field, and is therefore an important read for new researchers in this subject.