Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds

Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds
Author: Saad Ali
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 414
Release: 2013-11-22
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1461484839
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Over the last several years there has been a growing interest in developing computational methodologies for modeling and analyzing movements and behaviors of ‘crowds' of people. This interest spans several scientific areas that includes Computer Vision, Computer Graphics, and Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics. Despite the fact that these different scientific fields are trying to model the same physical entity (i.e. a crowd of people), research ideas have evolved independently. As a result each discipline has developed techniques and perspectives that are characteristically their own. The goal of this book is to provide the readers a comprehensive map towards the common goal of better analyzing and synthesizing the pedestrian movement in dense, heterogeneous crowds. The book is organized into different parts that consolidate various aspects of research towards this common goal, namely the modeling, simulation, and visual analysis of crowds. Through this book, readers will see the common ideas and vision as well as the different challenges and techniques, that will stimulate novel approaches to fully grasping “crowds."

Crowd Simulation

Crowd Simulation
Author: Daniel Thalmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2012-10-03
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1447144503
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Research into the methods and techniques used in simulating crowds has developed extensively within the last few years, particularly in the areas of video games and film. Despite recent impressive results when simulating and rendering thousands of individuals, many challenges still exist in this area. The comparison of simulation with reality, the realistic appearance of virtual humans and their behavior, group structure and their motion, and collision avoidance are just some examples of these challenges. For most of the applications of crowds, it is now a requirement to have real-time simulations – which is an additional challenge, particularly when crowds are very large. Crowd Simulation analyses these challenges in depth and suggests many possible solutions. Daniel Thalmann and Soraia Musse share their experiences and expertise in the application of: · Population modeling · Virtual human animation · Behavioral models for crowds · The connection between virtual and real crowds · Path planning and navigation · Visual attention models · Geometric and populated semantic environments · Crowd rendering The second edition presents techniques and methods developed since the authors first covered the simulation of crowds in 2007. Crowd Simulation includes in-depth discussions on the techniques of path planning, including a new hybrid approach between navigation graphs and potential-based methods. The importance of gaze attention – individuals appearing conscious of their environment and of others – is introduced, and a free-of-collision method for crowds is also discussed.

Crowd Simulation

Crowd Simulation
Author: Daniel Thalmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 305
Release: 2012-10-04
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 144714449X
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Research into the methods and techniques used in simulating crowds has developed extensively within the last few years, particularly in the areas of video games and film. Despite recent impressive results when simulating and rendering thousands of individuals, many challenges still exist in this area. The comparison of simulation with reality, the realistic appearance of virtual humans and their behavior, group structure and their motion, and collision avoidance are just some examples of these challenges. For most of the applications of crowds, it is now a requirement to have real-time simulations – which is an additional challenge, particularly when crowds are very large. Crowd Simulation analyses these challenges in depth and suggests many possible solutions. Daniel Thalmann and Soraia Musse share their experiences and expertise in the application of: · Population modeling · Virtual human animation · Behavioral models for crowds · The connection between virtual and real crowds · Path planning and navigation · Visual attention models · Geometric and populated semantic environments · Crowd rendering The second edition presents techniques and methods developed since the authors first covered the simulation of crowds in 2007. Crowd Simulation includes in-depth discussions on the techniques of path planning, including a new hybrid approach between navigation graphs and potential-based methods. The importance of gaze attention – individuals appearing conscious of their environment and of others – is introduced, and a free-of-collision method for crowds is also discussed.

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 2

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 2
Author: Livio Gibelli
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2020-10-23
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3030504506
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This contributed volume explores innovative research in the modeling, simulation, and control of crowd dynamics. Chapter authors approach the topic from the perspectives of mathematics, physics, engineering, and psychology, providing a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this challenging interdisciplinary research field. After providing a critical analysis of the current state of the field and an overview of the current research perspectives, chapters focus on three main research areas: pedestrian interactions, crowd control, and multiscale modeling. Specific topics covered in this volume include: crowd dynamics through conservation laws recent developments in controlled crowd dynamics mixed traffic modeling insights and applications from crowd psychology Crowd Dynamics, Volume 2 is ideal for mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and other researchers working in the rapidly growing field of modeling and simulation of human crowds.

Virtual Crowds

Virtual Crowds
Author: Nuria Palechano
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2022-05-31
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3031792424
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There are many applications of computer animation and simulation where it is necessary to model virtual crowds of autonomous agents. Some of these applications include site planning, education, entertainment, training, and human factors analysis for building evacuation. Other applications include simulations of scenarios where masses of people gather, flow, and disperse, such as transportation centers, sporting events, and concerts. Most crowd simulations include only basic locomotive behaviors possibly coupled with a few stochastic actions. Our goal in this survey is to establish a baseline of techniques and requirements for simulating large-scale virtual human populations. Sometimes, these populations might be mutually engaged in a common activity such as evacuation from a building or area; other times they may be going about their individual and personal agenda of work, play, leisure, travel, or spectator. Computational methods to model one set of requirements may not mesh well with good approaches to another. By including both crowd and individual goals and constraints into a comprehensive computational model, we expect to simulate the visual texture and contextual behaviors of groups of seemingly sentient beings. Table of Contents: Introduction / Crowd Simulation Methodology Survey / Individual Differences in Crowds / Framework (HiDAC + MACES + CAROSA) / HiDAC: Local Motion / MACES: Wayfinding with Communication and Roles / CAROSA: Functional Crowds / Initializing a Scenario / Evaluating Crowds

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 4

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 4
Author: Nicola Bellomo
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2023-12-13
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3031463595
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This contributed volume explores innovative research in the modeling, simulation, and control of crowd dynamics. Chapter authors approach the topic from the perspectives of mathematics, physics, engineering, and psychology, providing a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this challenging interdisciplinary research field. The volume begins with an overview of analytical problems related to crowd modeling. Attention is then given to the importance of considering the social and psychological factors that influence crowd behavior – such as emotions, communication, and decision-making processes – in order to create reliable models. Finally, specific features of crowd behavior are explored, including single-file traffic, passenger movement, modeling multiple groups in crowds, and the interplay between crowd dynamics and the spread of disease. Crowd Dynamics, Volume 4 is ideal for mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and other researchers working in the rapidly growing field of modeling and simulation of human crowds.

Computer Vision and Image Processing

Computer Vision and Image Processing
Author: Satish Kumar Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 556
Release: 2021-03-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9811611033
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This three-volume set (CCIS 1367-1368) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Vision and Image Processing, CVIP 2020, held in Prayagraj, India, in December 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was partially held online. The 134 papers papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 352 submissions. The papers present recent research on such topics as biometrics, forensics, content protection, image enhancement/super-resolution/restoration, motion and tracking, image or video retrieval, image, image/video processing for autonomous vehicles, video scene understanding, human-computer interaction, document image analysis, face, iris, emotion, sign language and gesture recognition, 3D image/video processing, action and event detection/recognition, medical image and video analysis, vision-based human GAIT analysis, remote sensing, and more.

Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2022

Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2022
Author: Stan Sclaroff
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 507
Release: 2022-05-14
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 303106433X
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The proceedings set LNCS 13231, 13232, and 13233 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP 2022, which was held during May 23-27, 2022, in Lecce, Italy, The 168 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 307 submissions. They deal with video analysis and understanding; pattern recognition and machine learning; deep learning; multi-view geometry and 3D computer vision; image analysis, detection and recognition; multimedia; biomedical and assistive technology; digital forensics and biometrics; image processing for cultural heritage; robot vision; etc.

Emotion, Personality and Cultural Aspects in Crowds

Emotion, Personality and Cultural Aspects in Crowds
Author: Rodolfo Migon Favaretto
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 178
Release: 2019-10-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030220788
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This practically-focused book presents a computational model for detection and analysis of pedestrian features in crowds from video sequences. The study of human behavior is a subject of great scientific interest and probably an inexhaustible source of research. The analysis of pedestrians and groups in crowds is relevant in several areas of application, such as security, entertainment, environmental and public spaces planning and social sciences. Cultural and personality aspects are attributes that can influence personal behavior and affect the group in which individuals belong. In this sense, we consider different ways of characterizing individuals and groups in crowds with respect to their relationship with the geometrical space and time. We discuss and describe an approach to extract and analyse, from the Computer Science point of view, emotions, personalities and cultural aspects from crowds and groups of pedestrians, using Computer Vision techniques. Extracting characteristics from real pedestrians and crowds, benefits other areas, such as: architecture and design (planning spaces to maximize pedestrian and group-environment fit); security and surveillance (design of evacuation plans considering characteristics of the crowds and detection of abnormal events); entertainment (more realistic crowds in movies and games reproducing characteristics from real pedestrians and crowds); social sciences (understanding of human behavior), among others. A big challenge in this area of research is the comparison with real life data. In this book, we successfully compared the results of the proposed approach with Psychology literature, where several studies aimed to analysis human behavior.

Group and Crowd Behavior for Computer Vision

Group and Crowd Behavior for Computer Vision
Author: Vittorio Murino
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2017-04-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0128092807
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Group and Crowd Behavior for Computer Vision provides a multidisciplinary perspective on how to solve the problem of group and crowd analysis and modeling, combining insights from the social sciences with technological ideas in computer vision and pattern recognition. The book answers many unresolved issues in group and crowd behavior, with Part One providing an introduction to the problems of analyzing groups and crowds that stresses that they should not be considered as completely diverse entities, but as an aggregation of people. Part Two focuses on features and representations with the aim of recognizing the presence of groups and crowds in image and video data. It discusses low level processing methods to individuate when and where a group or crowd is placed in the scene, spanning from the use of people detectors toward more ad-hoc strategies to individuate group and crowd formations. Part Three discusses methods for analyzing the behavior of groups and the crowd once they have been detected, showing how to extract semantic information, predicting/tracking the movement of a group, the formation or disaggregation of a group/crowd and the identification of different kinds of groups/crowds depending on their behavior. The final section focuses on identifying and promoting datasets for group/crowd analysis and modeling, presenting and discussing metrics for evaluating the pros and cons of the various models and methods. This book gives computer vision researcher techniques for segmentation and grouping, tracking and reasoning for solving group and crowd modeling and analysis, as well as more general problems in computer vision and machine learning. Presents the first book to cover the topic of modeling and analysis of groups in computer vision Discusses the topics of group and crowd modeling from a cross-disciplinary perspective, using social science anthropological theories translated into computer vision algorithms Focuses on group and crowd analysis metrics Discusses real industrial systems dealing with the problem of analyzing groups and crowds