Modeling and Analysis of Embedded Real-Time Systems in the Automotive Safety Domain

Modeling and Analysis of Embedded Real-Time Systems in the Automotive Safety Domain
Author: Christoph Lauer
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Total Pages: 167
Release: 2023-06-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3736968221

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Die Elektronik und die Informatik wird in den nächsten Jahrzehnten einen immer höheren Stellenwert im Bereich der Fahrzeugsicherheit einnehmen. Neue Sensoren zur Umweltwahrnehmung werden die Fahrzeuge in die Lage versetzen angemessen auf die aktuelle Verkehrssituation zu reagieren. Es wird erwartet, dass aktive Sicherheitssysteme, wie beispielsweise die automatische Notbremsung, Fußgänger- und Radfahrererkennung und Funktionen zur Unfallvermeidung, die Anzahl tödlicher Verkehrsunfälle weiter zurückgehen lassen werden. Dabei besteht die Herausforderung darin, die neuen Sicherheitsfunktionen in ein System zu integrieren, dass bereits heute hochkomplex und vernetzt ist. Entstehen werden Echtzeitsysteme, die aus hochintegrierten Subsystemen bestehen werden. In dieser Dissertation werden Methoden entwickelt, um die Auslegung derartiger Steuergeräte in frühen Entwicklungsphasen abzusichern. Mithilfe von Modelltransformationen sowie simulativer und formaler Methoden werden verschiedene Architekturkonzepte aus den Perspektiven effektiver Umfeldwahrnehmung, funktionaler Sicherheit und Echtzeitfähigkeit betrachtet und bewertet. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hierbei die Echtzeiteigenschaften der Softwareanteile der Sicherheitsfunktionen. Alle entwickelten Methoden wurden im Rahmen einer Forschungskooperation zwischen der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg und der AUDI AG angewendet. Folgende Erkenntnisse konnten unter Anderem gewonnen werden: • Die Fusion von Objektlisten verschiedenartiger Sensoren ist aus Kosten-Nutzen-Sicht zu bevorzugen. • Modellbasierte Sicherheitsanalysen bieten sich insbesondere in frühen Entwicklungsphasen an, den Entwicklungsprozess zu unterstützen. • Für die Echtzeitanalyse von Steuergeräten sind exakte Algorithmen erforderlich, die in der Lage sind die kritischen Systemzustände zu visualisieren. • Die Simulation der Softwaretasks ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Analyse und ist erforderlich, um die dynamischen Effekte des Systems zu verstehen, sowie die Relevanz der kritischen Systemzustände einschätzen zu können. • Der Ansatz der modellgetriebenen Entwicklung ist besonders praktikabel in frühen Phasen der Systementwicklung, wenn man die Verallgemeinerung der Erkenntnisse unter Berücksichtigung des Abstraktionsgrades der Systemmodelle und der Eingabeparametermodelle durchführt. Durch die durchgeführten Analysen wurden Jahre vor der Serienproduktion, und Monate bevor erste Entwicklungsmuster zur Verfügung standen, an verschiedenen Stellen Engpässe in der Leistungsfähigkeit der Architekturkonzepte gefunden. Aufgrund der guten Zusammenarbeit zwischen OEM, Lieferant und Wissenschaft wurden neue Entwicklungsprozesse ins Leben gerufen und implementiert. Sowohl momentane als auch zukünftige Sicherheitssysteme profitieren von den entwickelten Methoden und werden die Basis bieten können um effiziente und effektive Funktionen der Fahrzeugsicherheit umsetzen zu können.

Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems

Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems
Author: Holger Giese
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2010-10-09
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3642162770

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Thetopicof“Model-BasedEngineeringofReal-TimeEmbeddedSystems”brings together a challenging problem domain (real-time embedded systems) and a - lution domain (model-based engineering). It is also at the forefrontof integrated software and systems engineering, as software in this problem domain is an essential tool for system implementation and integration. Today, real-time - bedded software plays a crucial role in most advanced technical systems such as airplanes, mobile phones, and cars, and has become the main driver and - cilitator for innovation. Development, evolution, veri?cation, con?guration, and maintenance of embedded and distributed software nowadays are often serious challenges as drastic increases in complexity can be observed in practice. Model-based engineering in general, and model-based software development in particular, advocates the notion of using models throughout the development and life-cycle of an engineered system. Model-based software engineering re- forces this notion by promoting models not only as the tool of abstraction, but also as the tool for veri?cation, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The application of such model-based engineering techniques to embedded real-time systems appears to be a good candidate to tackle some of the problems arising in the problem domain.

Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook

Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook
Author: Nicolas Navet
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 566
Release: 2017-12-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351838199

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A Clear Outline of Current Methods for Designing and Implementing Automotive Systems Highlighting requirements, technologies, and business models, the Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of existing and future automotive electronic systems. It presents state-of-the-art methodological and technical solutions in the areas of in-vehicle architectures, multipartner development processes, software engineering methods, embedded communications, and safety and dependability assessment. Divided into four parts, the book begins with an introduction to the design constraints of automotive-embedded systems. It also examines AUTOSAR as the emerging de facto standard and looks at how key technologies, such as sensors and wireless networks, will facilitate the conception of partially and fully autonomous vehicles. The next section focuses on networks and protocols, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and TTCAN. The third part explores the design processes of electronic embedded systems, along with new design methodologies, such as the virtual platform. The final section presents validation and verification techniques relating to safety issues. Providing domain-specific solutions to various technical challenges, this handbook serves as a reliable, complete, and well-documented source of information on automotive embedded systems.

Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Systems

Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Systems
Author: Klaus Pohl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2012-11-08
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3642346146

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Embedded systems have long become essential in application areas in which human control is impossible or infeasible. The development of modern embedded systems is becoming increasingly difficult and challenging because of their overall system complexity, their tighter and cross-functional integration, the increasing requirements concerning safety and real-time behavior, and the need to reduce development and operation costs. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Software Platform Embedded Systems (SPES) modeling framework and demonstrates its applicability in embedded system development in various industry domains such as automation, automotive, avionics, energy, and healthcare. In SPES 2020, twenty-one partners from academia and industry have joined forces in order to develop and evaluate in different industrial domains a modeling framework that reflects the current state of the art in embedded systems engineering. The content of this book is structured in four parts. Part I “Starting Point” discusses the status quo of embedded systems development and model-based engineering, and summarizes the key requirements faced when developing embedded systems in different application domains. Part II “The SPES Modeling Framework” describes the SPES modeling framework. Part III “Application and Evaluation of the SPES Modeling Framework” reports on the validation steps taken to ensure that the framework met the requirements discussed in Part I. Finally, Part IV “Impact of the SPES Modeling Framework” summarizes the results achieved and provides an outlook on future work. The book is mainly aimed at professionals and practitioners who deal with the development of embedded systems on a daily basis. Researchers in academia and industry may use it as a compendium for the requirements and state-of-the-art solution concepts for embedded systems development.

Embedded Software Timing

Embedded Software Timing
Author: Peter Gliwa
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2021-02-09
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030641449

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Without correct timing, there is no safe and reliable embedded software. This book shows how to consider timing early in the development process for embedded systems, how to solve acute timing problems, how to perform timing optimization, and how to address the aspect of timing verification. The book is organized in twelve chapters. The first three cover various basics of microprocessor technologies and the operating systems used therein. The next four chapters cover timing problems both in theory and practice, covering also various timing analysis techniques as well as special issues like multi- and many-core timing. Chapter 8 deals with aspects of timing optimization, followed by chapter 9 that highlights various methodological issues of the actual development process. Chapter 10 presents timing analysis in AUTOSAR in detail, while chapter 11 focuses on safety aspects and timing verification. Finally, chapter 12 provides an outlook on upcoming and future developments in software timing. The number of embedded systems that we encounter in everyday life is growing steadily. At the same time, the complexity of the software is constantly increasing. This book is mainly written for software developers and project leaders in industry. It is enriched by many practical examples mostly from the automotive domain, yet the vast majority of the book is relevant for any embedded software project. This way it is also well-suited as a textbook for academic courses with a strong practical emphasis, e.g. at applied sciences universities. Features and Benefits * Shows how to consider timing in the development process for embedded systems, how to solve timing problems, and how to address timing verification * Enriched by many practical examples mostly from the automotive domain * Mainly written for software developers and project leaders in industry

Model-based Testing of Real-time Embedded Systems in the Automotive Domain

Model-based Testing of Real-time Embedded Systems in the Automotive Domain
Author: Justyna Zander-Nowicka
Publisher:
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN: 9783816779742

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Design decisions that used to be made at the code level are increasingly made at a higher level of abstraction. This shift of focus from implementation to design requires the creation of a consistent, reusable and well-documented specification model. Nowadays, about 40% of embedded system designs are within 20% of functionality expectations. This is partially attributed to the lack of an appropriate approach for functional validation. To improve hybrid system design, this dissertation presents a test method at the model level. The so-called Model-in-the-Loop for Embedded System Test (MiLEST) approach primarily employs a systematic, structured, repeatable, and abstract test specification and concentrates on automation of the test process. A signal-feature - oriented paradigm allows an abstract description of a signal and addresses the problems of the missing reference signal flows as well as systematic test data selection. Numerous signal features are identified while predefined test patterns help build the test specification. Testing then starts in the requirements phase and goes down to the test execution level. MiLEST is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow. Three case studies are presented. They correspond to component, component-in-the-loop, and integration level tests. Moreover, the quality of the resulting test models and test cases are investigated in depth.

Model-Driven Development of Reliable Automotive Services

Model-Driven Development of Reliable Automotive Services
Author: Manfred Broy
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 199
Release: 2008-07-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540709304

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Software development for the automotive domain has become the enabling te- nologyforalmostallsafety-criticalandcomfortfunctionso?eredtothecustomer. Ninety percentofallinnovations inautomotive systems aredirectly or indirectly enabled by embedded software. The numbers of serious accidents have declined in recent years, despite constantly increasing tra?c; this is correlated with the introduction of advanced, software-enabled functionality for driver assistance, such as electronic stability control. Software contributes signi?cantly to the - tomotive value chain. By 2010 it is estimated that software will make up 40% of the value creation of automotive electrics/electronics. However, with the large number of software-enabled functions, their int- actions, and the corresponding networking and operating infrastructure, come signi?cant complexities both during the automotive systems engineering p- cess and at runtime. A central challenge for automotive systems development is the scattering of functionality across multiple subsystems, such as electronic control units (ECUs) and the associated networks. As an example, consider the central locking systems (CLS), whose functionality is spread out over up to 19 di?erent ECUs in some luxury cars. Of course, this includes advanced functi- ality, such as seat positioning and radio tuning according to driver presets upon entry, as well as unlocking in case of a detected impact or accident. However, thisexampledemonstratesthatmodernautomotivesystemsbridgecomfort-and safety-critical functionality. This induces particular demands on safety and - curity, and, in general, software and systems quality. The resulting challenges and opportunities were discussed, in depth, at the second Automotive Software Workshop San Diego (ASWSD) 2006, on whose results we report here.

Automotive Software-Connected Services in Mobile Networks

Automotive Software-Connected Services in Mobile Networks
Author: Manfred Broy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 169
Release: 2006-09-27
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540376771

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First Automotive Software Workshop, ASWD 2004, held in San Diego, CA, USA in January 2004. The 10 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 lectures held at the workshop that brought together experts from industry and academia, working on highly complex, distributed, reactive software systems related to the automotive domain.

Modeling and Verification of Real-time Systems

Modeling and Verification of Real-time Systems
Author: Nicolas Navet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 283
Release: 2013-03-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118623959

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This title is devoted to presenting some of the most important concepts and techniques for describing real-time systems and analyzing their behavior in order to enable the designer to achieve guarantees of temporal correctness. Topics addressed include mathematical models of real-time systems and associated formal verification techniques such as model checking, probabilistic modeling and verification, programming and description languages, and validation approaches based on testing. With contributions from authors who are experts in their respective fields, this will provide the reader with the state of the art in formal verification of real-time systems and an overview of available software tools.

Safety-Critical Automotive Systems

Safety-Critical Automotive Systems
Author: Juan R Pimentel
Publisher: SAE International
Total Pages: 393
Release: 2006-08-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 076809710X

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Focusing on the vehicle's most important subsystems, this book features an introduction by the editor and 40 SAE technical papers from 2001-2006. The papers are organized in the following sections, which parallel the steps to be followed while building a complete final system: Introduction to Safety-Critical Automotive Systems Safety Process and Standards Requirements, Specifications, and Analysis Architectural and Design Methods and Techniques Prototyping and Target Implementation Testing, Verifications, and Validation Methods