This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1878 edition. Excerpt: ...but much of it was brought from the Juniata valley, which also supplied the mills with most of their blooms. The Juniata pig iron and blooms were hauled over the Allegheny mountains to Johnstown, usually on sleds in the winter season, and taken down the Conemaugh, Kiskiminetas, and Allegheny rivers to Pittsburgh with the spring and fall freshets. In 1829 Pittsburgh had eight rolling-mills, using 6,000 tons of blooms, chiefly from the Juniata valley, and 1,500 tons of pig metal. In the same year there were nine foundries that consumed 3,500 tons of metal. In 1828 the iron rolled was 3,291 tons; in 1829 it was 6,217 tons; and in 1830 it was 9,282 tons. It is stated that in 1830 one hundred steam-engines were built. In 1831 there were two steel furnaces, and cast iron began to be used for pillars, the caps and sills of windows, etc. In 1836 there were nine rollingmills in operation, and eighteen foundries, engine-factories, and machine-shops. In 1856 there were in Pittsburgh and Allegheny county twenty-five rolling-mills and thirty-three foundries. There were no blast furnaces in Pittsburgh and Allegheny county in 1858, but now there are twelve. Clinton furnace, built in 1859, by Graff," Bennett & Co., and blown in on the last Monday of October in that year, was the first furnace to be built in Allegheny county after the abandonment in 1794 of George Anshutz's furnace at Shady Side--a surprisingly long interregnum. Clinton furnace was followed in 1861 by the two Eliza furnaces of Laughlin & Co., and soon afterwards by others. The Lucy and Isabella furnaces have yielded larger weekly products of iron than any other furnaces in the country. The ores used at Pittsburgh are mainly obtained from the Lake Superior mines, but those of...