Miniaturized Optical DNA Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers

Miniaturized Optical DNA Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers
Author: Anupama Rao Gular Srinivas
Publisher:
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2013
Genre: Biosensors
ISBN:
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The development of highly sensitive and selective DNA sensors has fuelled applications in a wide range of fields including medical diagnostics, forensics, biodefense, food contamination and environment monitoring. Recently, conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn attention as attractive novel materials for biosensors due to their tuneable optical and electronic properties and ability to respond to minor changes in their environment. The aim of this research was to develop miniaturised optical DNA sensors based on photoluminescent CPs. Investigations towards the effect of systematically substituting carboxylic acid functionalized CPs with polar methoxy, mono-ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol and tri-ethylene glycol sidechains on the solubility, optical and electrochemical properties were conducted. The resultant CPs were characterised using a range of techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet (UV-Vis) visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, three different novel optical DNA sensors on magnetic beads were designed and developed using the synthesized CPs. DNA hybridisation was monitored using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and superquenching readout methodologies. These sensors exhibit desirable characteristics such as ease of handling (through magnetic deployment). All the three different sensing platforms were able to discriminate mismatches in the target sequences, theoretical detection limits to target DNA concentrations were calculated between 0.01 pM and 18.8 pM, improving resistance to non-specific interactions with DNA and proteins, fulfilling the requirements for a selective, sensitive, mobile, cost effective miniaturised DNA sensor.

Polymer/Fullerene Nanocomposites

Polymer/Fullerene Nanocomposites
Author: Ayesha Kausar
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2023-01-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0323995160
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Polymer/Fullerene Nanocomposites: Design and Applications synopsizes state-of-the-art essentials and versatile inventions in polymers and fullerenes derived nanocomposites. As the design, fabrication and exploration of polymeric materials with fullerenes in advanced nanomaterials is progressing quickly because of their unique combination of properties, including optical, electronic, electrical, mechanical, thermal, photovoltaic, sensing, shape memory, capacitive, antimicrobial, and other applications, this book fills a void in literature compilation and assessment for a field still in its infancy. The introductory chapter of this manuscript provides a comprehensive update on the fundamentals and applications of fullerenes, with following chapters revealing the properties and essential aspects of polymeric nanocomposites. Reconnoiters state-of-the-art of fullerenes Focuses on fullerene nano-additives, developing covalent interactions, and physical dispersion with conjugated polymers and other polymeric matrices Emphasizes fullerene nanowhisker and nanoball nanofillers in nanocomposites Unfolds advanced applications of polymer/fullerene nanomaterials in stimuli-responsive systems, optoelectronic devices (photovoltaics, light emitting diodes and optical sensors), fuel cells, supercapacitors and biomedical fields

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
Author: Ayesha Kausar
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2021-04-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128224649
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Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites: Fundamentals and Applications delivers an up-to-date overview on cutting-edge advancements in the field of nanocomposites derived from conjugated polymeric matrices. Design of conducting polymers and resultant nanocomposites has instigated significant addition in the field of modern nanoscience and technology. Recently, conducting polymer-based nanocomposites have attracted considerable academic and industrial research interest. The conductivity and physical properties of conjugated polymers have shown dramatic improvement with nanofiller addition. Appropriate fabrication strategies and the choice of a nanoreinforcement, along with a conducting matrix, may lead to enhanced physicochemical features and material performance. Substantial electrical conductivity, optical features, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and other physical properties of the conducting polymer-based nanocomposites have led to high-performance materials and high-tech devices and applications. This book begins with a widespread impression of state-of-the-art knowledge in indispensable features and processing of conducting polymer-based nanocomposites. It then discusses essential categories of conducting polymer-based nanocomposites such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and derived nanomaterials. Subsequent sections of this book are related to the potential impact of conducting polymer-based nanocomposites in various technical fields. Significant application areas have been identified for anti-corrosion, EMI shielding, sensing, and energy device relevance. Finally, the book covers predictable challenges and future opportunities in the field of conjugated nanocomposites. Integrates the fundamentals of conducting polymers and a range of multifunctional applications Describes categories of essential conducting polymer-based nanocomposites for polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and derivative materials Assimilates the significance of multifunctional nanostructured materials of nanocomposite nanofibers Portrays current and future demanding technological applications of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites, including anti-corrosion coatings, EMI shielding, sensors, and energy production and storage devices

Optical Properties of Functional Polymers and Nano Engineering Applications

Optical Properties of Functional Polymers and Nano Engineering Applications
Author: Vaibhav Jain
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 302
Release: 2018-09-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1466556919
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This comprehensive text provides a basic introduction to the optical properties of polymers, as well as a systematic overview of the latest developments in their nano engineering applications—including L-GRIN lenses, 3D holographic displays, optical gene detection, and more. Covering an increasingly important class of materials relevant not only in academic research but also in industry, this book emphasizes the importance of nano engineering in improving the fundamental optical properties of the functional polymers, elaborating on high-level research while thoroughly explaining the underlying principles.

Using Conjugated Polymers as Biological Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Using Conjugated Polymers as Biological Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Author: Xuenlian Li
Publisher:
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:
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The specific objectives of the work presented in this dissertation are to design novel molecular sensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorophore (donor) and polydiacetylene (PDA, acceptor) for selective detection of biomolecules in solution. The work described in this dissertation is divided into three sections. In the first section, the author reports two novel systems where the rate of energy transfer is based on changes in the spectral overlap between the emission of the donor and the absorption of the acceptor (J) as well as changes in the quantum yield of the acceptor. In the second section, the text discusses modified these high sensitive molecular sensors based on FRET by using different receptors for selective detection of biomolecules such as proteins or bacteria in solution. The third section develops reversibility studies on FRET based sensors in solution or solid state.

Detection of Non-Amplified Genomic DNA

Detection of Non-Amplified Genomic DNA
Author: Giuseppe Spoto
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2012-07-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940071226X
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This book offers an overview of state-of-the-art in non amplified DNA detection methods and provides chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists and material scientists with an introduction to these methods. In fact all these fields have dedicated resources to the problem of nucleic acid detection, each contributing with their own specific methods and concepts. This book will explain the basic principles of the different non amplified DNA detection methods available, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Non-amplified DNA detection can be achieved by adopting different techniques. Such techniques have allowed the commercialization of innovative platforms for DNA detection that are expected to break into the DNA diagnostics market. The enhanced sensitivity required for the detection of non amplified genomic DNA has prompted new strategies that can achieve ultrasensitivity by combining specific materials with specific detection tools. Advanced materials play multiple roles in ultrasensitive detection. Optical and electrochemical detection tools are among the most widely investigated to analyze non amplified nucleic acids. Biosensors based on piezoelectric crystal have been also used to detect unamplified genomic DNA. The main scientific topics related to DNA diagnostics are discussed by an outstanding set of authors with proven experience in this field.

Synthetic Biology, 2 Volumes

Synthetic Biology, 2 Volumes
Author: Robert A. Meyers
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 766
Release: 2015-10-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 352766856X
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These two volumes contain a selection of updated articles from the acclaimed Meyers Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, the most authoritative resource in cell and molecular biology, combined with new articles by "founding fathers" in the field. The work is divided into six sections: + Biological Basis + Modeling + Modular Parts and Circuits + Synthetic Genomes + Diseases and Therapeutics + Chemicals Production. Ideally suited as advanced reading for students and postdocs, and with all current research trends covered by an impressive number of leading figures in the field, this is the first choice reference for research institutions.

Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites

Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites
Author: Parveen Saini
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 684
Release: 2015-04-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119137101
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Since their discovery in 1977, the evolution of conducting polymers has revolutionized modern science and technology. These polymers enjoy a special status in the area of materials science yet they are not as popular among young readers or common people when compared to other materials like metals, paper, plastics, rubber, textiles, ceramics and composites like concrete. Most importantly, much of the available literature in the form of papers, specific review articles and books is targeted either at advanced readers (scientists / technologists / engineers / senior academicians) or for those who are already familiar with the topic (doctoral / postdoctoral scholars). For a beginner or even school / college students, such compilations are bit difficult to access / digest. In fact, they need proper introduction to the topic of conducting polymers including their discovery, preparation, properties, applications and societal impact, using suitable examples and already known principles/knowledge/phenomenon. Further, active participation of readers in terms of "question & answers", "fill-in-the-blanks", "numerical" along with suitable answer key is necessary to maintain the interest and to initiate the "thought process". The readers also need to know about the drawbacks and any hazards of such materials. Therefore, I believe that a comprehensive source on the science / technology of conducting polymers which maintains a link between grass root fundamentals and state-of-the-art R&D is still missing from the open literature.