Millimeter-Wave Components and Antennas for Spatial and Polarization Diversity Using PRGW Technology

Millimeter-Wave Components and Antennas for Spatial and Polarization Diversity Using PRGW Technology
Author: Mohamed Mamdouh Mahmoud Ali Ali
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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The evolution of the wireless communication systems to the future generation is accompanied by a huge improvement in the system performance through providing a high data rate with low latency. These systems require access to millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, which offer several advantages such as physically smaller components and much wider bandwidthcomparedtomicrowavefrequencies. However, mmWavecomponentsstillneed a significant improvement to follow the rapid variations in future technologies. Although mmWave frequencies can carry more data, they are limited in terms of their penetration capabilities and their coverage range. Moreover, these frequencies avoid deploying traditional guiding technologies such as microstrip lines due to high radiation and material losses. Hence, utilizing new guiding structure techniques such as Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) is essential in future mmWave systems implementation. ThemainpurposeofthisthesisistodesignmmWavecomponents,antennasubsystems and utilize both in beam switching systems. The major mmWave components addressed in this thesis are hybrid coupler, crossover, and differential power divider where the host guidingstructureisthePRGW.Inaddition,variousdesignsfordifferentialfeedingPRGW antennas and antenna arrays are presented featuring wide bandwidth and high gain in mmWave band. Moreover, the integration of both the proposed components and the featured antennas is introduced. This can be considered as a significant step toward the requirements fulfillment of today's advanced communication systems enabling both space and polarization diversity. The proposed components are designed to meet the future ever-increasing consumer experience and technical requirements such as low loss, compact size, and low-cost fabrication. This directed the presented research to have a contribution into three major parts. The first part highlights the feeding structures, where mmWave PRGW directional couplers and differential feeding power divider are designed and validated. These components are among the most important passive elements of microwave circuits used in antennabeam-switchingnetworks. Different3-dBquadraturehybridcouplersandcrossover prototypes are proposed, featured with a compact size and a wide bandwidth beyond 10 % at 30 GHz. In the second part, a beam switching network implemented using hybrid couplers is presented. The proposed beam switching network is a 4 × 4 PRGW Butler matrix that used to feed a Magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna array. As a result, a 2-D scanning antenna array with a compact size, wide bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency larger than84%isachieved. Furthergainenhancementof5dBiisachievedthroughdeployinga hybridgainenhancementtechniqueincludingAMCmushroomshapesaroundtheantenna array with a dielectric superstrate located in the broadside direction. The proposed scanning antenna array can be considered as a step toward the desired improvement in the data rate and coverage through enabling the space diversity for the communication link. The final activity is related to the development of high-gain wide-band mmWave antenna arrays for potential use in future mmWave applications. The first proposed configuration is a differential feeding circular polarized aperture antenna array implemented with PRGW technology. Differential feeding antenna designs offer more advantages than single- ended antennas for mmWave communications as they are easy to be integrated with differential mmWave monolithic ICs that have high common-mode rejection ratio providing an immunity of the environmental noise. The proposed differential feeding antenna array is designed and fabricated, which featured with a stable high gain and a high radiation efficiency over a wide bandwidth. Another proposed configuration is a dualpolarized ME-dipole PRGW antenna array for mmWave wireless communication. Dual polarizationisconsideredoneofthemostimportantantennasolutionsthatcansavecosts and space for modern communication systems. In addition, it is an effective strategy for multiple-input and multiple-output systems that can reduce the size of multiple antennas systems by utilizing extra orthogonal polarization. The proposed dual- polarized antenna array is designed to achieve a stable gain of 15 ± 1 dBi with low cross- polarization less than -30 dB over a wide frequency range of 20 % at 30 GHz.

Advanced Millimeter-wave Technologies

Advanced Millimeter-wave Technologies
Author: Duixian Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 850
Release: 2009-03-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780470742952

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This book explains one of the hottest topics in wireless and electronic devices community, namely the wireless communication at mmWave frequencies, especially at the 60 GHz ISM band. It provides the reader with knowledge and techniques for mmWave antenna design, evaluation, antenna and chip packaging. Addresses practical engineering issues such as RF material evaluation and selection, antenna and packaging requirements, manufacturing tolerances, antenna and system interconnections, and antenna One of the first books to discuss the emerging research and application areas, particularly chip packages with integrated antennas, wafer scale mmWave phased arrays and imaging Contains a good number of case studies to aid understanding Provides the antenna and packaging technologies for the latest and emerging applications with the emphases on antenna integrations for practical applications such as wireless USB, wireless video, phase array, automobile collision avoidance radar, and imaging

Analytical Design Procedures for the Odd Mode of Ridge Gap Waveguide Devices and Antennas

Analytical Design Procedures for the Odd Mode of Ridge Gap Waveguide Devices and Antennas
Author: Abduladeem Beltayib
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band has attracted attention due to its wideband characteristics that make it able to support multi-gigabit per second data rate. Nevertheless, the performance of mm-wave wireless communication systems is restricted due to attenuation loss. Design of mm-wave components and antennas is rapidly growing with the current evolution in the wireless communication systems. However, the traditional waveguide structures such as microstrip, coplanar, substrate integrated waveguide, and rectangular waveguide either suffer from high losses or difficulty in manufacturing at mm-wave band. The ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology is considered as a promising waveguide technology for the mm-wave band. RGW technology overcomes the conventional guiding structure problems as the wave propagates in an air gap region which eliminates the dielectric loss. Moreover, RGW does not need any electrical contacts, unlike traditional rectangular waveguides. Also, the RGW can be implemented in the printed form (PRGW) for easy integration with other planer system components. In this thesis, the use of the odd mode (TE10 (RGW)) RGW to design mm-wave components and antennas is presented. First, a systematic design methodology for the RGW using hybrid PEC/PMC waveguide approximation is presented. This reduces the design time using full wave simulators. The concept has been verified by simulation and experimental measurements. Second, two different methods to excite the odd mode in RGW are studied and investigated. In the first method, a planar L-shape RGW is used where less than -10 dB reflection coefficient is achieved, from 28 to 36 GHz, and more than 93% of the input power has been converted into the odd mode at the output port. The second method uses a magic tee with a shorted sum port and provides a wideband pure odd mode at the output port with reflection coefficient less than -10 dB from 28 GHz to 39 GHz. Other mm-wave components based on odd mode TE10 RGW are designed and presented including a Y-junction power divider and 3 dB forward coupler are designed for the first time in RGW technology. The Y-junction has a wideband matching from 28 to 34 GHz with a reflection coefficient less than -15 dB and the transmission output levels are about -3.3 dB. The usefulness of the odd mode RGW lies in the ability to increase the channel bandwidth that has been achieved by designing a dual-mode RGW. A magic tee is used to simultaneously excite the fundamental mode Q-TEM and the odd mode TE10 (RGW) on the ridgeline. The proposed dual-mode RGW performance is verified through simulation and measurement of a back-to-back configuration. The proposed design achieves a matching level less than -10 dB for the two modes over the frequency range from 29 GHz to 34.5 GHz with isolation better than 23 dB. The dual-mode RGW is then used to feed a reconfigurable Vivaldi horn antenna where two different radiation patterns can be obtained depending on the excited mode. The Q-TEM generates a single beam pattern, while the odd mode TE10 (RGW) generates a dual-beam pattern. The maximum gain for the single beam radiation is 12.1 dBi, while it is 10.43 dBi for the dual-beam pattern. The bandwidth of the dual-mode antenna is 25% at 32 GHz with impedance matching less than -10 dB and isolation better than 20 dB. Finally, several antennas are presented in this thesis based on the odd mode RGW. A novel differential feeding cavity antenna using the odd mode of RGW is presented. The measured results show good performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, sidelobe level, and cross-polarization. The maximum gain is 16.5 dBi, and the sidelobe level is -17 dB and -13.8 dB, for the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. Moreover, the proposed antenna has low cross-polarization levels of -35 dB in the E-plane and -27 dB in the H-plane. In addition, two 2x1 linear frequency scanning array antennas are designed and implemented using the proposed Y-junction to generate single beam and dual-beam patterns. The beam scan is from -11(degree) to -40(degree) at 28 GHz and 32 GHz, respectively.

Millimeter Wave Antenna Technology

Millimeter Wave Antenna Technology
Author: R. B. Dybdal
Publisher:
Total Pages: 41
Release: 1984
Genre:
ISBN:

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Millimeter wave antenna technology has had a long history of development, and as millimeter wave systems evolve through planning to implementation, a significant amount of additional development work will be required. Millimeter wave antennas play a key role in the rationale for millimeter system designs because high spatial resolution can be achieved with modest physical dimensions. Reflector, lens, array, and horn technologies are surveyed. Multiple beam designs and adaptive processing antennas are described because these technologies afford high leverage opportunities to enhance electronic survivability and to extend communication capabilities. Ancillary components, such as radomes, are a necessary part of practical antenna designs and are discussed in some detail. Originator-supplied keywords include: Array Antennas, Lens antennas, Multiple beam antennas, and Reflector antennas.

Circularly Polarized Antennas

Circularly Polarized Antennas
Author: Steven Shichang Gao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 341
Release: 2014-02-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111837441X

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This book presents a comprehensive insight into the design techniques for different types of CP antenna elements and arrays In this book, the authors address a broad range of topics on circularly polarized (CP) antennas. Firstly, it introduces to the reader basic principles, design techniques and characteristics of various types of CP antennas, such as CP patch antennas, CP helix antennas, quadrifilar helix antennas (QHA), printed quadrifilar helix antennas (PQHA), spiral antenna, CP slot antennas, CP dielectric resonator antennas, loop antennas, crossed dipoles, monopoles and CP horns. Advanced designs such as small-size CP antennas, broadband, wideband and ultra-wideband CP antennas are also discussed, as well as multi-band CP antennas and dual CP antennas. The design and analysis of different types of CP array antennas such as broadband CP patch arrays, dual-band CP arrays, CP printed slot arrays, single-band and multi-band CP reflectarrays, high-gain CP waveguide slot antennas, CP dielectric resonator antenna arrays, CP active arrays, millimetre-waveband CP arrays in LTCC, and CP arrays with electronically beam-switching or beam-steering capabilities are described in detail. Case studies are provided to illustrate the design and implementation of CP antennas in practical scenarios such as dual-band Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, satellite communication mobile terminals at the S-band, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers at 2.4 GHz, and Ka-band high-speed satellite communication applications. It also includes the detailed designs for a wideband Logarithmic spiral antenna that can operate from 3.4-7.7 GHz. In addition, the book offers a detailed review of the recent developments of different types of CP antennas and arrays. Presents comprehensive discussions of design techniques for different types of CP antennas: small-size CP antennas, broadband CP antennas, multi-band CP antennas and CP arrays. Covers a wide range of antenna technologies such as microstrip antennas, helix, quadrifilar helix antenna, printed quadrifilar helix antenna, dielectric resonator antennas, printed slots, spiral antennas, monopoles, waveguide slot arrays, reflectarrays, active arrays, millimetre-wave arrays in LTCC, electronically beam-switching arrays and electronically beam-steerable arrays. Reviews recent developments in different types of CP antennas and arrays, reported by industries, researchers and academics worldwide. Includes numerous case studies to demonstrate how to design and implement different CP antennas in practical scenarios. Provides both an introduction for students in the field and an in-depth reference for antenna/RF engineers who work on the development of CP antennas. Circularly Polarized Antennas will be an invaluable guide for researchers in R&D organizations; system engineers (antenna, telecom, space and satellite); postgraduates studying the subjects of antenna and propagation, electromagnetics, RF/microwave/millimetre-wave systems, satellite communications and so on; technical managers and professionals in the areas of antennas and propagation.

Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems

Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
Author: Vincent W. S. Wong
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 527
Release: 2017-03-02
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1107172411

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Get up to speed with the protocols, network architectures and techniques for 5G wireless networks with this comprehensive guide.