Metastable Phases And Microstructures
Author | : R. Bormann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
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Author | : R. Bormann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : |
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Author | : Rüdiger Bormann |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 392 |
Release | : 1996-07-25 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Materials with metastable structures and microstructures have been used with success to create unusual structural and functional properties and property combinations. Highly nonequilibrium technologies for creating metastable materials have been devised which allow materials to be prepared far away from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Using these methods, materials can now be designed to possess specific properties tailored to fit an application, rather than fitting an application to the properties of available materials. However, as these materials are metastable with respect to structural and compositional changes under temperature, there is great concern for understanding and controlling their limitations. This book features both fundamental as well as applied aspects of the subject by stressing the structure/property relationships, the conditions for stability of these materials, and the requirements for technological applications. In addition to the synthesis, processing, characterization, properties, and applications of such materials, attention is also focused on the modelling of structures, phenomena and processes. Topics include: synthesis and processing; thermodynamic and kinetics; phase transformations and properties and applications.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 1996 |
Genre | : |
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Author | : Dipankar Banerjee |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 360 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : J. W. Martin |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 450 |
Release | : 1997-03-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780521423168 |
The second edition of this textbook, popular amongst students and faculty alike, investigates the various causes of thermodynamic instability in metallic microstructures. Materials theoretically well designed for a particular application may prove inefficient or even useless unless stable under normal working conditions. The authors examine current experimental and theoretical understanding of the kinetics behind structural change in metals. The entire text has been updated in this new edition, and a completely new chapter on highly metastable alloys has been added. The degree to which kinetic stability of the material outweighs its thermodynamic instability is very important, and dictates the useful working life of the material. If the structure is initially produced to an optimum, such changes will degrade the properties of the material. This comprehensive and well-illustrated text, accompanied by ample references, will allow final year undergraduates, graduate students and research workers to investigate in detail the stability of microstructure in metallic systems.
Author | : Libor Kovarik |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 225 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Aluminum-copper-magnesium alloys |
ISBN | : |
Abstract: In this work, microstructure evolution of an Al-3Mg-0.4Cu-0.12Si (wt%) alloy was studied during artificial aging at 180°C and 200°C. The primary investigation methods used were conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM and HRTEM), Z-contrast scanning TEM, and atom probe tomography (APT). Two new metastable phases are found to successively form during 180°C aging, designated as GPB and GPBII zones. The first forming GPB zones are rod-like regions aligned along 100Al directions. As supported by ab initio calculation, the GPB zones are L10 ordered, with alternating Mg enriched and Si, Cu, Al enriched layers. In the later stages of aging, GPBII are detected as nanometer size-scale, homogeneously dispersed, coherent particles. The crystal structure of the GPBII can be explained by a hexagonal lattice, with parameters a=0.7, c=0.4nm and space group P6̄2m. The stoichiometry of the proposed GPBII zone is Al3Mg3Si2Cu1, which in terms of the solute elements agrees with the elemental analysis. Ab initio calculations show very favorable enthalpy of formation of -14.4 kJ/mol. At higher temperature aging and longer aging times, such as 16 hours at 200°C, the microstructure is found to consist of two different crystallographic types of GPBII zones, which can be differentiated based on their location in the matrix. The isolated GPBII zones are comparable to those from lower temperature aging; however, the GPBII zones associated with S-phase particles have a different crystal structure, which seem to be crystallographically related to the structure of lath-like particles in some 6xxx series alloys. At the later stages of aging, the structure also consists of isolated S-phase particles, which have a rod-like morphology and modified orientation relationship (S''-phase). The origin of the modified orientation relationship for S''-phase was studied. It is found that its establishment is related to coherency at the (021)S//(014)Al interface, which is shown to coexist with the commonly present (001)S//(021)Al. Apart from the microstructural studies, attention was paid to the mechanical properties of alloys of similar composition from various aging treatments. The observed strengthening from the early stages of aging was modeled based on a contribution from GPB zones considering three different mechanisms.
Author | : H. S. Rosenbaum |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 189 |
Release | : 2013-10-22 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1483218163 |
Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 7: Microstructures of Irradiated Materials covers the effects of irradiation on the microstructures of solids. The book introduces basic concepts and terminology and discusses the physical effects of irradiation, those having to do with the physical displacement of atoms and the subsequent atom rearrangements that can occur either by momentum transfer or by diffusional phenomena. The text also describes the chemical effects of irradiation, including diffusion, phase changes, precipitation of solute atoms, transmutations, and combinations of these. Some of the complex situations encountered in some nuclear fuels and structural materials of practical concern are also encompassed. Metallurgists, metallurgical engineers, ceramists, materials scientists, and people interested in the nuclear field will find the book invaluable.
Author | : Theodore Justin Rowland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 216 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : Phase rule and equilibrium |
ISBN | : |
Author | : David A. Scott |
Publisher | : Getty Publications |
Total Pages | : 185 |
Release | : 1992-01-02 |
Genre | : Antiques & Collectibles |
ISBN | : 0892361956 |
David A. Scott provides a detailed introduction to the structure and morphology of ancient and historic metallic materials. Much of the scientific research on this important topic has been inaccessible, scattered throughout the international literature, or unpublished; this volume, although not exhaustive in its coverage, fills an important need by assembling much of this information in a single source. Jointly published by the GCI and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the book deals with many practical matters relating to the mounting, preparation, etching, polishing, and microscopy of metallic samples and includes an account of the way in which phase diagrams can be used to assist in structural interpretation. The text is supplemented by an extensive number of microstructural studies carried out in the laboratory on ancient and historic metals. The student beginning the study of metallic materials and the conservation scientist who wishes to carry out structural studies of metallic objects of art will find this publication quite useful.
Author | : Regina Müller |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783942695121 |