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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 160 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789463326445 |
| Author | : Shoshanna Barnett |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 115 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Copper catalysts |
| ISBN | : |
Water oxidation is a challenging reaction that has great importance for alternative energy and fuel generation. Although several water oxidation catalysts have been discovered, much improvement is needed for the technology to be viable on a global scale. In recent years, there has been focus in the development of catalysts with earth-abundant elements and, subsequently, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and iron catalysts have been reported. This dissertation discusses the discovery and study of the first reported copper-based water oxidation electrocatalyst. This catalyst is a molecular species with bipyridine and hydroxide ligands. Study of this catalyst has shown that it is among the fastest homogeneous water oxidation catalysts yet reported, with a turnover frequency of ~100 s-1. The catalyst is also relatively robust and can undergo at least 30 turnovers. Solutions of the catalyst are generated easily by reaction of bipyridine and a copper salt in a 1:1 ratio in water, followed by addition of hydroxide to obtain a solution between pH 11 and 13. The catalytic mechanism has been investigated through spectroscopic analysis to understand the speciation, electrochemical kinetics, a ligand study, and reactivity studies. While further work is still needed, these investigations have laid the groundwork for a basic understanding of the mechanism. A phenanthroline-based catalyst has also been successfully immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode through physisorption. The heterogeneous catalyst shows remarkable similarities to its homogeneous counterpart. It operates at the same overpotential and activity level and displays similar pH dependent behavior. This system has important implications for catalyst immobilization in general, which is an important area of study for the development of more industrially relevant catalysts.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2019-06-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128160837 |
Water Oxidation Catalysts, Volume 74, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field, serving as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, ranging from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series Includes the latest information on water oxidation catalysts
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| Total Pages | : 80 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789174476262 |
| Author | : Wilson D. Shafer |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 2020-06-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 303928388X |
Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2021-10-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0323851169 |
Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 78 presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. Chapters in this new release include Catching reactive species in manganese oxidation catalysis, Mechanistic Puzzles from Iron(III) TAML Activators Including Substrate Inhibition, Zero-Order and Dual Catalysis, Stepping towards C-circular economy: Integration of solar chemistry and biosystems for efficient CO2 conversion into added value chemicals and fuels, Highlighting recent work on metal-coordinated and metallic nanoparticles as NIR imaging probes for biosensing application in living cells, and more. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series
| Author | : Alvin A. Holder |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 2018-02-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527339574 |
Edited by a team of highly respected researchers combining their expertise in chemistry, physics, and medicine, this book focuses on the use of rutheniumcontaining complexes in artificial photosynthesis and medicine. Following a brief introduction to the basic coordination chemistry of ruthenium complexes and their synthesis in section one, as well as their photophysical and photochemical properties, the authors discuss in detail the major concepts of artificial photosynthesis and mechanisms of hydrogen production and water oxidation with ruthenium in section two. The third section of the text covers biological properties and important medical applications of ruthenium complexes as therapeutic agents or in diagnostic imaging. Aimed at stimulating research in this active field, this is an invaluable information source for researchers in academia, health research institutes and governmental departments working in the field of organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry as well as medicine/drug discovery, while equally serving as a useful reference also for scientists in industry.
| Author | : Dalton Bodine Burks |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 292 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
| ISBN | : |
The majority of energy produced in the world is derived from fossil fuels which are finite and have deleterious environmental effects. For a sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy future, alternative, renewable energy sources are desired. Two reactions that could have applications towards developing renewable energy sources are water oxidation to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide reduction to form various products (e.g. formic acid or carbon monoxide); however, these reactions require catalysts to efficiently produce the desired products. Efforts to synthesize, characterize, and study catalysts for these reactions are discussed in this dissertation. The first chapter serves as an introduction to energy-related catalytic reactions. In Chapter 2, 6,6ʹ-dihydroxybipyridine (6,6ʹ-dhbp)-a protic ligand used with several metals to produce catalysts for energy-related reactions-is studied to determine its thermodynamic acidity. In the following chapter, 6,6ʹ-dhbp is used as a ligand with copper to form complexes that are water oxidation catalysts. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on iridium and ruthenium complexes containing new bidentate ligands composed of pyridinol and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). These complexes, along with an iridium complex of 6,6ʹ-dhbp, were used as catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formate and the reverse dehydrogenation of formic acid to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. However, the complexes containing the new bidentate pyridinol-NHC ligands were found to be precatalysts as they undergo transformations and decomposition during the course of the reaction. A nickel-pincer complex with a protic CNC-pincer derived of pyridinol and NHCs was used as a photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction in Chapter 6. The protic state of the hydroxy group in the 4-position of the pyridine ring was determined to be important for catalysis, as the deprotonated hydroxy group results in 10 times the catalytic ability as the protonated form. In the penultimate chapter, ruthenium-pincer complexes that are active carbon dioxide photoreduction catalysts are studied mechanistically by UV/vis and IR spectroscopies. The most active catalyst was studied in greater detail with real-time IR spectroscopy to help elucidate potential reaction pathways. The final chapter serves as a conclusion to summarize the results discussed in the dissertation.
| Author | : Bernd Plietker |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 295 |
| Release | : 2008-09-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527623280 |
This first comprehensive book to cover this exciting field also deals with the biological aspects, such as enzymes with iron. Following an introduction, this handy reference and handbook goes on to deal with reductions, oxidations of C, H- and C=C bonds, oxidative allylic oxygenation and amination, the oxidation of heteroatoms, cross coupling reactions, aromatic and nucleophilic substitutions, addition to carbonyl compounds, and cyclisations as well as ring opening reactions. The chapters are clearly classified according to the reaction type, allowing readers to quickly locate the desired information.
| Author | : Antoni Llobet |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 343 |
| Release | : 2014-04-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118698622 |
Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising strategy for capturing energy from the sun by coupling light harvesting and the oxidation of water, in order to create clean hydrogen fuel. Thus a deep knowledge of the water oxidation catalysis field is essential to be able to come up with useful energy conversion devices based on sunlight and water splitting. Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis: A Key Topic for New Sustainable Energy Conversion Schemes presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of water oxidation catalysis in homogeneous phase, describing in detail the most important catalysts discovered today based on first and second row transition metals. A strong emphasis is placed on the description of their performance, as well as how they work from a mechanistic perspective. In addition, a theoretical description of some of the most relevant catalysts based on DFT are presented, as well as a description of related natural systems, such as the oxygen evolving system of photosystem II and the heme chlorite-dismutase. This book is a valuable resource for researchers working on water oxidation catalysis, solar energy conversion and artificial photosynthesis, as well as for chemists and materials scientists with a broad interest in new sustainable energy conversion schemes.
