Mechanisms of Everyday Cognition

Mechanisms of Everyday Cognition
Author: James M. Puckett
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2018-10-24
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317728475

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Based on the proceedings of the twelfth biennial conference on life-span developmental psychology, most of the contributions in this volume deal with the mechanisms of everyday cognition. However, a broad spectrum of additional concerns is addressed within the domain of everyday cognition: its metatheoretical underpinnings, theory and theoretical issues, methods of investigation, empirical considerations, and social issues and applications. Addressing everyday cognition in infancy, childhood, adolescence, young and middle adulthood, and old age, this book is consistent with the chronological life-span theme of this series. The contributors collectively discuss some of the traditional concerns of life-span psychology: the dialectical nature of everyday cognition, individual differences, and contextual influences. Leading and concluding chapters provide overview, integration, and summary. In bringing together a wide array of age periods and points of view within the domain of everyday cognition, the editors hope that students and researchers in developmental psychology and cognitive science will find a useful cross-fertilization of ideas. A huge variety of theoretical perspectives is presented ranging from the position that everyday cognition and academic (laboratory) cognition are different manifestations of the same underlying processes to the position that the underlying processes are completely separate. Also of importance, a large assortment of research methods is illustrated including interviews, laboratory simulations, real-life observations and psychometric methods.

When I'm 64

When I'm 64
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2006-02-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309164915

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By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

Everyday Cognition

Everyday Cognition
Author: Barbara Rogoff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 328
Release: 1984
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN:

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The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging

The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
Author: Ayanna K. Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 1019
Release: 2020-05-28
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1108690742

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Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.

Introducing Language and Cognition

Introducing Language and Cognition
Author: Michael Sharwood Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2017-01-26
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1107152895

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This book offers something unique - a perspective of mind and language where diverse topics are carefully integrated within one framework.

Enhancing Everyday Cognition in Healthy Older Adults Via Non-invasive Neurostimulation and Memory Training

Enhancing Everyday Cognition in Healthy Older Adults Via Non-invasive Neurostimulation and Memory Training
Author: Jaclyn Anne Stephens
Publisher:
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2015
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN:

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Older adulthood is associated with decline in working memory (WM) and prospective memory (PM) performance. These declines can negatively impact everyday cognitive task ability (e.g. remembering to take medication;Woods et al., 2014), which subsequently affect quality of life. Cognitive training interventions are designed to restore cognitive abilities, but many fall short and show little transfer to untrained tasks (for review see: Karbach & Verhaeghen, 2014). To extend cognitive training we paired it with neurostimulation in healthy older adults to extend our previous positive findings (Jones, Stephens, Alam, Bikson, & Berryhill, 2015). This approach successfully elicited WM beyond training benefits in the group receiving WM training and higher intensity transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This current study also tested for improvements in everyday cognition, explored optimal tDCS parameters, and the underlying tDCS mechanism. Over 5 consecutive days, we paired WM and PM training with parametric anodal tDCS dosage (Sham, 1mA, or 2mA) to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) in healthy older adults (aged 55-85; N = 90). At follow-up a month later, there were significant improvements in everyday cognitive ability only in those who received 2mA of tDCS. FNIRS data revealed a significant reduction in bilateral PFC recruitment in the 2mA group potentially indicative of improved efficiency. Finally, tDCS may modify dopaminergic activity in PFC, and tDCS-based WM enhancement may be genotype-specific.

Cognitive Science

Cognitive Science
Author: Rom Harre
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2002-02-18
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1847871283

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This is the first major textbook to offer a truly comprehensive review of cognitive science in its fullest sense. Ranging from artificial intelligence models of neural processes and cognitive psychology to recent discursive and cultural theories, Rom Harré offers an original yet accessible integration of the field. At its core, this textbook addresses the question ′How can psychology become a science?′. The answer is based on a clear account of method and explanation in the natural sciences and how they can be adapted to psychological research. Rom Harré has used his experience of both the natural and the human sciences to create a text on which exciting and insightful courses can be built in many ways. The text is based on the idea that underlying the long history of attempts to create a scientific psychology there are many unexamined presuppositions that must be brought to light. Whether describing language, categorization, memory, the brain or connectionism the book always links our intuitions about how we think, feel and act in the contexts of everyday life to the latest accounts of the neural tools with which we accomplish the cognitive tasks demanded of us. Computational and biological models are used to link the discursive analysis of everyday cognition to the necessary activities of the brain and nervous system. Fluently written and well structured, this is an ideal text for students who want to gain a comprehensive view of the current state of the art with its seeming divergence into studies of meanings and studies of neurology. The book is divided into four basic modules, with suggestions for three lectures in each. The plan is related to the overall pattern of the semester programme. The reader is guided with helpful learning points, sections of study questions for review, and key readings for each chapter. Cognitive Science: A Philosophical Introduction, with its remarkable sweep of themes, past and present, truly introduces ′the science of the mind′ for a new generation of psychology students. Cognitive Science should be indispensable reading for students at all levels taking courses in cognitive science and cognitive psychology, and useful additional course reading in other areas such as social psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy of the mind and linguistics. Key Points · First major textbook to provide a link between computational, philosophical and biological models in an accessible format for students. Presents a new vision of psychology as a scientific discipline. · Breadth of coverage - ranging from artificial intelligence, to key themes & theories in cognitive science (past and present) - language, memory, the brain and behaviour - to recent discursive and cultural theories. · Plenty of student features to help the student and tutor including helpful learning points, study and essay questions and key readings at the end of every chapter.

The Ashgate Research Companion to Theological Anthropology

The Ashgate Research Companion to Theological Anthropology
Author: Joshua R. Farris
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 405
Release: 2016-03-09
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1317041321

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In recent scholarship there is an emerging interest in the integration of philosophy and theology. Philosophers and theologians address the relationship between body and soul and its implications for theological anthropology. In so doing, philosopher-theologians interact with cognitive science, biological evolution, psychology, and sociology. Reflecting these exciting new developments, The Ashgate Research Companion to Theological Anthropology is a resource for philosophers and theologians, students and scholars, interested in the constructive, critical exploration of a theology of human persons. Throughout this collection of newly authored contributions, key themes are addressed: human agency and grace, the soul, sin and salvation, Christology, glory, feminism, the theology of human nature, and other major themes in theological anthropology in historic as well as contemporary contexts.

Cognitive Aging

Cognitive Aging
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2015-07-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309368650

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For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.

Everyday Memory and Aging

Everyday Memory and Aging
Author: Robin L. West
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1461391512

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Everyday Memory and Aging is a comprehensive handbook which touches virtually every aspect of current everyday memory research and methodology as they relate to aging. This book demonstrates that the results of divergent approaches to the study of everyday memory and aging frequently dovetail, and it widens significantly the scope of investigation and know- ledge in the field.