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| Author | : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1965 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Jean-Marie Henckaerts |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 610 |
| Release | : 2005-03-03 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0521808995 |
Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I: Rules is a comprehensive analysis of the customary rules of international humanitarian law applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts. In the absence of ratifications of important treaties in this area, this is clearly a publication of major importance, carried out at the express request of the international community. In so doing, this study identifies the common core of international humanitarian law binding on all parties to all armed conflicts. Comment Don:RWI.
| Author | : Andreassen, Bard A. |
| Publisher | : UNESCO |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2010-06-04 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9231041444 |
| Author | : Paul A. Czysz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 2006-09-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3540376410 |
An understandable perspective on the types of space propulsion systems necessary to enable low-cost space flights to Earth orbit and to the Moon and the future developments necessary for exploration of the solar system and beyond to the stars.
| Author | : Chris O'Meara |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2021-03-11 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 0192608568 |
States invariably justify using force extraterritorially by reference to their right of self-defence. In doing so, they accept that the exercise of this right is conditioned by the customary international law requirements of necessity and proportionality. However, these requirements are notorious for being normatively indeterminate and operationally complex. As a breach of either requirement renders ostensibly defensive action unlawful, increased determinacy regarding their scope and substance is crucial to how international law constrains military force. This book examines the conceptual meaning, content, and practical application of necessity and proportionality as they relate to the right of self-defence following the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945. It provides a coherent and up-to-date description of the applicable contemporary international law and proposes an analytical framework to guide its operation and appraisal. This book argues that necessity and proportionality are conceptually distinct and must be applied in the foregoing order to avoid an insufficient 'catch-all' description of legality or illegality. Necessity determines whether defensive force may be used to respond to an armed attack and where it must be directed. Proportionality governs how much total force is permissible and prohibits excessive responses. Both requirements are shown to apply on an ongoing basis throughout the duration of an armed conflict prompted by self-defence. Compliance with necessity and proportionality ensures that the purposes of self-defence are met, and nothing more, and that defensive force is not unduly disruptive to third party interests and to international peace and security.
| Author | : Ken Devos |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 356 |
| Release | : 2013-09-30 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9400774761 |
This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of why taxpayers behave the way they do. It reveals the motivations for why some taxpayers comply with the law while others choose not to comply. Given the current global financial climate there is a need for governments worldwide to increase their revenue collections via improving taxpayer compliance. Research into what shapes and influences taxpayer behavior is critical in that any marginal improvement in understanding and dealing with this behavior can potentially have a dramatic impact upon government revenue. Based on Australian data derived from the data bases of the Australian Taxation Office as an example, this book presents findings that provide lessons for tax systems around the world. Regardless of the type of tax system in place, taxpayers of all nationalities are concerned about how their tax authorities deal with non-compliance and in particular how the tax authorities go about encouraging compliance and ensuring a fair tax system for all. The book presents empirical evidence concerning taxpayer compliance behavior with particular attention being drawn to the moral values of taxpayers, the perceived fairness of the tax system and the deterrent measures undertaken by revenue authorities which influence that behavior. Other issues examined include the degree to which tax penalties operate as an effective deterrent to curbing behavior and how taxpayers' level of general tax knowledge and awareness also impacts upon their actions.
| Author | : Lilian Yamamoto |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 318 |
| Release | : 2013-10-25 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 3642381863 |
Atoll Island States exist on top of what is perceived to be one of the planet's most vulnerable ecosystems: atolls. It has been predicted that an increase in the pace of sea level rise brought about by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will cause them to disappear, forcing their inhabitants to migrate. The present book represents a multidisciplinary legal and engineering perspective on this problem, challenging some common misconceptions regarding atolls and their vulnerability to sea-level rise. Coral islands have survived past changes in sea levels, and it is the survival of coral reefs what will be crucial for their continued existence. These islands are important for their inhabitants as they represent not only their ancestral agricultural lands and heritage, but also a source of revenue through the exploitation of the maritime areas associated with them. However, even if faced with extreme climate change, it could theoretically be possible for the richer Atoll Island States to engineer ways to prevent their main islands from disappearing, though sadly not all will have the required financial resources to do so. As islands become progressively uninhabitable their residents will be forced to settle in foreign lands, and could become stateless if the Atoll Island State ceases to be recognized as a sovereign country. However, rather than tackling this problem by entering into lengthy negotiations over new treaties, more practical solutions, encompassing bilateral negotiations or the possibility of acquiring small new territories, should be explored. This would make it possible for Atoll Island States in the future to keep some sort of international sovereign personality, which could benefit the descendents of its present day inhabitants.
| Author | : Marie Brinkman |
| Publisher | : Paulist Press |
| Total Pages | : 628 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9780809145409 |
Founded in Indian Territory in 1858, the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth met, a century later, challenges of a new frontier in the church's call to adapt to modern circumstances and in their own awareness of deepening social and ecclesial needs. For three decades, sisters struggled with conditions that threatened unity: issues of governance, demands of professional training, diverse backgrounds, differing experience of communal life, developing theology of religious vows. Diminishing numbers coupled with need for leadership led to new institutional roles and new forms of ministry. Emerging Frontiers records the struggle and its outcome. A common past and determination to stay together marked the long search for a renewed common vision. A new century brought re-dedication to a Vincentian heritage and far-flung partnerships in the mission given by Jesus Christ to his people. Commitment to those in need, especially women and children; fidelity to the church; faithful relationship with those of means and good will, and with the earth; transition to sponsorship of institutional ministries, many now administered by lay women and men; solidarity with all who stand for justice and peace: this was the resolution of a renewed Community whose story is told here.
| Author | : Phyllis Dutwin |
| Publisher | : McGraw Hill Professional |
| Total Pages | : 353 |
| Release | : 2009-12-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0071600817 |
Decode the mystery of English grammar to add polish to your papers, emails, business letters, and more English Grammar Demystified teaches the fundamentals of the subject in an easy, step-by-step approach that allows you to learn at your own pace. With help from this book, you will understand the parts of speech, learn to use punctuation correctly, master verb tenses, spot and avoid common grammatical errors, and improve your overall sentence structures. Throughout the book you can monitor your progress through self-tests, and a comprehensive final exam at the end of the book gives you instant feedback on new language skills.
| Author | : Michael N. Schmitt |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 303 |
| Release | : 2013-03-07 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 1107024439 |
The result of a three-year project, this manual addresses the entire spectrum of international legal issues raised by cyber warfare.
