This dissertation, "Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula (Er-xian Decoction) for Menopausal Symptoms: Literature Review and Clinical Trial" by Lidan, Zhong, 钟丽丹, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: More than half of the women aged from 45-55 suffer from menopausal symptoms which can seriously affect the quality of life of the midlife women. The menopause transition has become a very active research area in healthy aging in the last several decades. In recent years, more and more women have turned to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to manage their menopausal symptoms. Among various Chinese medicine formulae, Er-Xian Decoction (EXD) is one of the most acceptable Chinese medicine formulae to relieve menopausal symptoms. Although EXD is popular in the management of menopausal symptoms, its effectiveness has not been evaluated by strictly designed clinical study. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of EXD as a basic formula for menopausal symptoms. A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included for further analysis. The results of these studies suggested that EXD was more effective than the control interventions, which included various HRT and other Chinese herbal medicine. Seven of the studies compared EXD with HRT and the meta-analysis seemed to suggest that EXD as a basic formula was superior to hormone replacement therapy. However, the included studies were insufficient in methodological quality and had a high probability of bias. A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was then conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of EXD for menopausal symptoms. Of 557 recruited women, 108 subjects were eligible to participate in the study and 101 subjects finished the study. Comparisons between placebo and EXD groups were conducted by using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline as covariate. EXD granules when compared with placebo significantly reduced the frequency and severity of hot flushes and night sweats. EXD compared with placebo significantly reduced the frequency of hot flushes (P=0.041) and the hot flush severity score (P=0.016). Superiority of EXD over placebo was also observed in greater improvement in total scores of MRS (P=0.028) and MENQOL questionnaires (P=0.021). There were no differences between EXD and placebo group in serum hormones and bone markers. There were no serious adverse events and the safety indices of whole blood counts, renal and liver functions were normal before and after the treatment. Both EXD and placebo were well tolerated. In summary, this Chinese herbal formula EXD was found to be superior to placebo in reducing hot flushes and improving menopausal symptoms in Hong Kong perimenopausal women. It was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events noted during the study period. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4807965 Subjects: Medicine, Chinese - Formulae, receipts, prescriptions Menopause - Alternative treatment