Magneto-Mechanical Response in Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Magneto-Mechanical Response in Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN:

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It is generally accepted that the large reversible, magnetic-field-induced strain observed in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys is due to the rearrangement of twin variants in the martensite by an applied magnetic field leading to an overall change of shape. The main thermodynamic driving force for twin boundary motion in the presence of a magnetic field is the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the low-symmetry martensitic phase. Low twin boundary energy, high magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and saturation magnetization are some of the key factors for large magnetic field induced strain. In order to achieve optimum performance, thermomechanical and magnetic treatments are necessary. In this investigation, a systematic investigation is being carried out on single crystals of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys to determine the combined effects of composition and thermomagneto-mechanical treatments on the crystal structure of the martensitic phases and the magnetomechanical properties of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. Repeated mechanical and magnetic forces have been applied to the samples. The results demonstrate that prior history has strong influence on the twinning start stress and twinning strain. In addition, heat treatment of the materials seems to increase the amount of strain that can be obtained (e.g. increased from 3% to 6%). Moreover, there is indication that prior heat treatment may also affect the martensite crystal structure that is formed during cooling. A systematic investigation has also been carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the magneto-mechanical behaviour of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. Strong temperature dependence of the magnetic shape memory effect in a Ni47.8Mn27.5Ga24.7 alloy has been observed.

Effects of the Internal Magnetic Field on the Magneto-mechanical Properties of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Effects of the Internal Magnetic Field on the Magneto-mechanical Properties of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Author: Anthony Hobza
Publisher:
Total Pages: 158
Release: 2017
Genre: Gallium alloys
ISBN:

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"Shape memory alloys are a class of functional material which recover from large strains without permanent deformation. The strain is accommodated by the displacement of twin boundaries in the martensite phase. The shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga is also ferromagnetic. Ni-Mn-Ga preferentially magnetizes along a certain crystallographic axis. This direction of easy magnetization changes across twin boundaries, such that the directions in neighboring twin domains are nearly perpendicular. The interaction of magnetic moments and interfaces including the crystal surface and twin boundary interfaces has a large role in the magnetization process of the material. The goal of this study is to characterize the relative influence of twin boundaries on the magnetization of the material, and the dependence of the magnetization on the twin domain microstructure. The torque on a single crystal specimen in a homogeneous external magnetic field was characterized with experimental methods. The torque is the negative first derivative of the magnetic energy as a function of angle between the specimen and magnetic field. The torque and magnetic energy strongly depends on the twin domain microstructure. For specimen with two twin boundaries at 3% strain in an external magnetic field of 50 mT, one twin microstructure required 1.7 times more torque to rotate than another twin microstructure. At fields above 100 mT, the torque was asymmetric depending on the direction the direction the sample was rotated. Numerical micromagnetic simulations were performed to gain a qualitative understanding of the difference in magnetization and magnetic energy in different twin microstructures. At low fields, the continuity of magnetization across the twin boundary results in one twin microstructure having completely saturated twin domains, while the other microstructures contained 180° magnetic domains. At larger fields, the asymmetry in torque was due to the angle of the twin boundary with the crystal surface. Both the dependence on magnetization and torque asymmetry are due to the internal magnetic field at the twin boundary. The interaction of magnetic moments across the twin boundary drives the internal magnetic field and magnetization. The twin domain microstructure can be manipulated to drive the magnetization process in order to optimize the performance of the material in a device. The role of the internal magnetic field and specimen magnetization is discussed regarding a low power strain sensing measurement technique."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Author: Xuexi Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2021-11-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 981166336X

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This book systematically describes the fundamentals of Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), with an emphasis on low-dimensional structures such as foams, microwires and micro-particles. The respective chapters address basic concepts and theories, the fabrication of various architectures, microstructure tailoring, property optimization and cutting-edge applications. Taken together, they provide a clear understanding of the correlation between processing and the microstructural properties of MSMAs, which are illustrated in over two hundred figures and schematics. Given its scope and format, the book offers a valuable resource for a broad readership in various fields of materials science and engineering, especially for researchers, students and engineers.

Shape Memory Alloys

Shape Memory Alloys
Author: Dimitris C. Lagoudas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2008-06-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0387476857

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This book provides a working knowledge of the modeling and engineering applications of shape memory alloys (SMAs), beginning with a rigorous introduction to continuum mechanics and continuum thermodynamics as they relate to the development of SMA modeling.Modern SMAs can recover from large amounts of bending and deformation, and millions of repetitions within recoverable ranges. SMAs are used in the medical industry to create stents, in the dental industry to create dental and orthodontic archwires, and in the aerospace industry to create fluid fittings. The text presents a unified approach to the constitutive modeling of SMAs, including modeling of magnetic and high temperature SMAs.

Magneto-thermo-mechanical Response and Magneto-caloric Effect in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Magneto-thermo-mechanical Response and Magneto-caloric Effect in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Author: Cengiz Yegin
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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Ni-Co-Mn-In system is a new type of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) where the first order structural and magnetic phase transitions overlap. These materials can generate large reversible shape changes due to magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation, and exhibit magneto-caloric effect and magnetoresistance. Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys are inexpensive alternatives of the Ni-Co-Mn-In alloys. In both materials, austenite has higher magnetization levels than martensite. Fe-Mn-Ga is another MSMA system, however, whose magnetization trend is opposite to those of the Ni-Co-Mn-X (In-Sn) systems upon phase transformation. The MSMAs have attracted great interest in recent years, and their magnetic and thermo-mechanical properties need to be further investigated. In the present study, the effects of indium concentration, cooling, and annealing on martensitic transformation and magnetic response of single crystalline Ni-Co-Mn-In alloys were investigated. Increasing indium content reduced the martensitic transformation start (Ms) temperature, while increasing temperature hysteresis and saturation magnetization. Increasing annealing temperature led to an increase in the Ms temperature whereas annealing at 400 degrees C and 500 degrees C led to the kinetic arrest of austenite. Cooling after solution heat treatment also notably affected the transformation temperatures and magnetization response. While the transformation temperatures increased in the oil quenched samples compared to those in the water quenched samples, these temperatures decreased in furnace cooled samples due to the kinetic arrest. The possible reasons for the kinetic arrest are: atomic order changes, or precipitate formation. Shape memory and superelastic response, and magnetic field-induced shape recovery behavior of sintered Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 polycrystalline alloys were also examined. The microstructural analysis showed the existence of small pores, which seem to increase the damage tolerance of the sintered polycrystalline samples. The recoverable transformation strain, irrecoverable strain and transformation temperature hysteresis increased with stress upon cooling under stress. Moreover, magnetic-field-induced strain due to the field-induced phase transformation was confirmed to be 0.6% at 319K. Almost perfect superelastic response was obtained at 343K. A magnetic entropy change of 22 J kg-1 K-1 were determined at 219K from magneto-caloric effect measurements which were conducted on annealed Ni43Co7Mn39Sn11 ribbons. Magnetic characteristics and martensitic transformation behavior of polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Ga alloys were also examined. Cast alloys at various compositions were undergone homogenization heat treatments. It was verified by magnetization measurements that the alloys heat treated at 1050 degrees C shows martensitic transformation. The heat treatment time was determined to be 1 day or 1 week depending on the compositions.