Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory?s Book of Minimum Detectable Activity for Direct Measurement of Internally Deposited Radionuclides in Radiation Workers

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory?s Book of Minimum Detectable Activity for Direct Measurement of Internally Deposited Radionuclides in Radiation Workers
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory maintains an in vivo measurement program designed to identify and evaluate the activity of radionuclides deposited in the body. Two types of systems are primarily used for the routine monitoring of radiation workers, the lung counting system and the scanning bed whole body counting system. The lung counting system is comprised of two Canberra ACTII detector sets. Each ACTII set contains two planar germanium detectors with carbon composite end windows optimized to measure low energy photon emitting radionuclides. The ACTII detectors are placed on the upper torso over the lungs for the direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in the lungs that emit low energy photons. A correction for the thickness of the chest wall is applied to the efficiency. Because the thickness of the chest wall is a key factor in the measurement of low energy photon emitting radionuclides in the lung, the minimum detectable activity is a function of the chest wall thickness. The scanning bed whole body counting system is comprised of a thin air mattress on top of a carbon fiber bed that slowly scans over four high purity germanium detectors. The scanning system is designed to minimize variations in detected activity due to radionuclide distribution in the body. The scanning bed detection system is typically used for the measurement of internally deposited radionuclides that emit photons above 100 to 200 keV. MDAs have been generated for radionuclides that provide energies above 80 keV since the lowest calibration energy for the system is approximately 86 keV. The following charts and table provide best determination of minimum detectable activity using human subjects as controls for the background contributions. A wide variety of radionuclides are used throughout the laboratory and the following pages represent several of the radionuclides that have been encountered at the Whole Body and Spectroscopy Laboratories within Hazards Control.

Direct Methods for Measuring Radionuclides in the Human Body

Direct Methods for Measuring Radionuclides in the Human Body
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
Total Pages: 124
Release: 1996
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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Provides information on the establishment and operation of facilities for the measurement of body activity by direct methods. Emphasis is placed on measurements of body radioactivity made in programmes of internal dosimetry for occupationally exposed persons, or in investigations following incidents.

Energy Research Abstracts

Energy Research Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1684
Release: 1988
Genre: Power resources
ISBN:

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ICRP Publication 130

ICRP Publication 130
Author: ICRP,
Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016-04-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781473944404

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Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report

Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report
Author: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)
Publisher: United Nations
Total Pages: 512
Release: 2017-04-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9210600029

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This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.