Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Heat Transfer to a Cone-cylinder-flare Body at Mach 8.0

Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Heat Transfer to a Cone-cylinder-flare Body at Mach 8.0
Author: Victor Zakkay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 86
Release: 1962
Genre: Boundary layer
ISBN:

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A modified equation for the heat transfer coefficient in the transitional and fully turbulent region based on the F.P.R.E. method is then presented. This method gives good agreement with the experimental results presented here.

Laminar, Transitional and Turbulent Flow with Adverse Pressure Gradient on a Cone-flare at Mach 10

Laminar, Transitional and Turbulent Flow with Adverse Pressure Gradient on a Cone-flare at Mach 10
Author: V. Zakkay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1965
Genre: Boundary layer
ISBN:

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An experimental investigation of the boundary layer on a cone-flare body at Mach 10 is presented. Measurements of pressure, heat transfer and boundary layer thickness are made in regions of zero and adverse pressure gradient. Several noses are fitted to the cone to produce blunted cone-flares, which are used to study separation. The experimental results are compared to some recent analytical investigations. The results showed a small amount of blunting can lower the Reynolds number sufficiently to produce separation. The experiment results also showed that a small amount of crossflow (produced by placing the model at small angles of attack) was capable of eliminating separation.

Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer and Boundary-layer Transition on a 10° Cone in Free Flight at Supersonic Mach Numbers Up to 5.9

Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer and Boundary-layer Transition on a 10° Cone in Free Flight at Supersonic Mach Numbers Up to 5.9
Author: Charles B. Rumsey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 42
Release: 1956
Genre: Aerodynamics
ISBN:

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Abstract: Aerodynamic heat-transfer measurements were at six stations on the 40-inch-long 10° total-angle conical nose of a rocket-propelled model which was flight tested at Mach numbers up to 5.9. The range of local Reynolds number was from 6.6 x 106 to 55.2 x 106. Laminar, transitional, and turbulent heat-transfer coefficients were measured, and, in general, the laminar and turbulent measurements were in good agreement with theory for cones. Experimental transition Reynolds numbers varied from less than 8.5 x 106 to 19.4 x 106. At a relatively constant ratio of wall temperature to local static temperature near 1.2, the transition Reynolds number increased from 9.2 x 106 to 19.4 x 106 as Mach number increased from 1.57 to 3.38. At Mach numbers near 3.7, the transition Reynolds number decreased as the skin temperature increased toward adiabatic wall temperatures.

Free-flight Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer to Mach Number 3.9 and of Drag to Mach Number 6.9 of a Fin-stabilized Cone-cylinder Configuration

Free-flight Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer to Mach Number 3.9 and of Drag to Mach Number 6.9 of a Fin-stabilized Cone-cylinder Configuration
Author: Charles B. Rumsey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 1955
Genre: Aerodynamic heating
ISBN:

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Aerodynamic-heat-transfer measurements have been made at a station on the 10 degree total angle conical nose of a rocket-propelled model at flight Mach numbers of 1.4 to 3.9. The corresponding values of local Reynolds number varied from 18,000,000 to 46,000,000 and the ratio of skin temperature to local static temperature varied from 1.2 to 2.4. The experimental data, reduced to Stanton number, were in fair agreement with values predicted by Van Driest's theory for heat transfer on a cone with turbulent flow from the nose tip.

Variation of Boundary-layer Transition with Heat Transfer on Two Bodies of Revolution at a Mach Number of 3.12

Variation of Boundary-layer Transition with Heat Transfer on Two Bodies of Revolution at a Mach Number of 3.12
Author: John R. Jack
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 1955
Genre: Boundary layer
ISBN:

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An investigation was made at a Mach number of 3.12 to determine the effects of heat transfer on boundary-layer transition. Data were obtained for a cone cylinder and a parabolic-nosed cylinder at Reynolds numbers up to 12,000,000 based on body length. The results show that cooling the cone-cylinder model to a wall-to-free-stream static-temperature ratio of approximately 1.4 increased the transition Reynolds number from a value of about 2,000,000 at equilibrium to 10,600,000. For temperature ratios less than 1.4, the boundary-layer flow was laminar over the entire model. The rapid increase of transition Reynolds number with small reductions in temeprature ratio near 1.4 indicated that temperature ratios slight lower may result in a laminar boundary layer for very high Reynolds numbers. For the parabolic-nosed body, the transition Reynolds number was about twice that of the cone-cylinder model over the temperature range investigated.

Local Heat Transfer and Recovery Temperatures on a Yawed Cylinder at a Mach Number of 4.15 and High Reynolds Numbers

Local Heat Transfer and Recovery Temperatures on a Yawed Cylinder at a Mach Number of 4.15 and High Reynolds Numbers
Author: Ivan E. Beckwith
Publisher:
Total Pages: 36
Release: 1961
Genre: Hypersonic planes
ISBN:

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Design studies of hypersonic lifting vehicles have generally indicated that aerodynamic heating may be reduced by using highly swept configurations with blunted leading edges. For laminar boundary layers the effect of sweep angle A on the heat transfer at the leading edge is usually taken as cos A as shown by the data of Feller (ref. 1) who measured the average heat transfer on the front half of a swept cylinder. More recent data (refs. 2 and 3) have indicated that the effect of sweep may be more nearly cos3/2 Lambda which, at a sweep angle of 75 deg, would result in a 50-percent reduction of the heat transfer predicted by the cos A variation. The data and theory of reference 4 also indicate a cos3/2 lambda variation but the theories of references 5 and 6 indicate a variation somewhere between cos A and cos3/2 lambda for large stream Mach numbers. The data of reference 7, in contrast to the investigations just cited, showed large increases in average heat transfer to a circular leading edge with increasing A up to a lambda of about 40 deg. These increases in heat transfer were probably caused by transition to turbulent flow which apparently resulted primarily from the inherent instability of the three-dimensional boundary layer flow on a yawed cylinder. The leading-edge Reynolds numbers of reference 7 were considerably larger than the values in references 1 to 4 and were also larger than typical values for full-scale leading edges of hypersonic vehicles; hence, the main application of the high Reynolds number tests will probably be to bodies at angle of attack.

Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer on a 15 Deg Cone-cylinder-flare Configuration in Free Flight at Mach Numbers Up to 4.7

Measurements of Aerodynamic Heat Transfer on a 15 Deg Cone-cylinder-flare Configuration in Free Flight at Mach Numbers Up to 4.7
Author: CHARLES B. RUMSEY
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1
Release: 1961
Genre:
ISBN:

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Measurements of aerodynamic heat transfer were made at a number of stations along a cone-cylinder-flare model having a 15 degrees total-angle conical nose and a 10 degrees half-angle flare skirt. The maximum Mach number was 4.7, and local Reynolds numbers based on body length to a measurement station varied from 2 x 10 to the 6th power to 138 x 10 to the 6th power. Local Stanton numbers measured on the nose cone and flare showed fair agreement with laminar and turbulent theories, while the measurements on the cylinder were generally somewhat lower than theory. Experimental recovery factors, determined twice during the test, were unaccountably lower than theoretical values. Local transition Reynolds numbers, based on length from the nose tip, varied from 3 x 10 to the 6th power to 18 x 10 to the 6th power and were much lower than values previously obtained on the smoother nose of a similar model. At an angle of attack of about 9 degrees, the heat transfer on the flare increased to more than twie the theoretical turbulent value for zero angle of attack. (Author).