La salud y la enfermedad: una aproximacion historica, politica, cultural y socio-economica, a su construccion como concepto

La salud y la enfermedad: una aproximacion historica, politica, cultural y socio-economica, a su construccion como concepto
Author: Luis Cesar Abed
Publisher:
Total Pages: 148
Release: 1993
Genre:
ISBN:

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RESUMEN: Lo que se pretende en este trabajo es abordar los terminos salud y enfermedad como conceptos construidos a traves de la historia del hombre. Se lo realiza desde una aproximacion politica, cultural y socio-economica. Para ello se efectuo un rastreo del significado de estos vocablos a lo largo de la historia analizando el valor conceptual que adquieren en cada periodo del desarrollo humano. Se investiga que pensaba de la enfermedad el hombre de la antiguedad cuando adquirio autoconciencia. Razon que le permitio observar lo evanescente de la vida, la muerte y elaborar los primeros rudimentos religiosos. Luego sucesivamente se va desglosando el tema a lo largo de la evolucion del pensamiento recorriendo los hitos dejados por los Griegos del Siglo de Oro, los Romanos Imperiales y el nacimiento del cristianismo; hasta que en el Siglo XV se abre un nuevo firmamento conceptual que legara las concepciones actuales de salud enfermedad. Se intenta demostrar la correspondencia de los modos de produccion y las pautas culturales que ellos sustentan con las explicaciones sobre los procesos morbidos. Un especial enfasis se aplico al periodo que nace en el Renacimiento y concluye en el siglo XIX con el concepto biologistica de la enfermedad y sus instrumentos praticos: el diagnostico y el tratamiento. La concepcion ontologica de la enfermedad - a la que adscribe el pensamiento post-renacentista- considera al cuerpo humano colonizado por un ser extrano que es externo al organismo y al que debe combatir y expulsar. Para ello necesita caracterizar lo desviado a partir de la enunciacion de lo normal. La normal se rescata a traves del metodo matematico la cuantificacion. Es asi que se construye el discurso biologico que trasciende a la medicina como cuerpo teorico integrado y como tecnica, constituyendo el pensamiento epistemico de la epoca actual. Dicha forma de pensamiento se traslada a otros aspectos del conocimiento humano, particularmente al sociologico, dando lugar a la manifestacion del poder disciplinario del orden medico edificado sobre lo normativo. Valorados los logros y las limitaciones del modelo biologico para atender al bienestar humano en toda su trascendencia: psiquica, social, cultural, economica y politica, creemos necesario generar un espacio cognitivo que, trascendiendo el orden medico, de lugar a una teoria social que pueda interpretar los procesos de la salud colectiva que comprenda en la plenitud al individuo.(AU).

Exotic No More

Exotic No More
Author: Jeremy MacClancy
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 449
Release: 2010-04-08
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0226500144

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Since its founding in the nineteenth century, social anthropology has been seen as the study of exotic peoples in faraway places. But today more and more anthropologists are dedicating themselves not just to observing but to understanding and helping solve social problems wherever they occur—in international aid organizations, British TV studios, American hospitals, or racist enclaves in Eastern Europe, for example. In Exotic No More, an initiative of the Royal Anthropological Institute, some of today's most respected anthropologists demonstrate, in clear, unpretentious prose, the tremendous contributions that anthropology can make to contemporary society. They cover issues ranging from fundamentalism to forced migration, child labor to crack dealing, human rights to hunger, ethnicity to environmentalism, intellectual property rights to international capitalisms. But Exotic No More is more than a litany of gloom and doom; the essays also explore topics usually associated with leisure or "high" culture, including the media, visual arts, tourism, and music. Each author uses specific examples from their fieldwork to illustrate their discussions, and 62 photographs enliven the text. Throughout the book, the contributors highlight anthropology's commitment to taking people seriously on their own terms, paying close attention to what they are saying and doing, and trying to understand how they see the world and why. Sometimes this bottom-up perspective makes the strange familiar, but it can also make the familiar strange, exposing the cultural basis of seemingly "natural" behaviors and challenging us to rethink some of our most cherished ideas—about gender, "free" markets, "race," and "refugees," among many others. Contributors: William O. Beeman Philippe Bourgois John Chernoff E. Valentine Daniel Alex de Waal Judith Ennew James Fairhead Sarah Franklin Michael Gilsenan Faye Ginsburg Alma Gottlieb Christopher Hann Faye V. Harrison Richard Jenkins Melissa Leach Margaret Lock Jeremy MacClancy Jonathan Mazower Ellen Messer A. David Napier Nancy Scheper-Hughes Jane Schneider Parker Shipton Christopher B. Steiner

The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America

The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America
Author: Xochitl Bada
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 896
Release: 2021-04-09
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0190926589

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The sociology of Latin America, established in the region over the past eighty years, is a thriving field whose major contributions include dependence theory, world-systems theory, and historical debates on economic development, among others. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America provides research essays that introduce the readers to the discipline's key areas and current trends, specifically with regard to contemporary sociology in Latin America, as well as a collection of innovative empirical studies deploying a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The essays in the Handbook are arranged in eight research subfields in which scholars are currently making significant theoretical and methodological contributions: Sociology of the State, Social Inequalities, Sociology of Religion, Collective Action and Social Movements, Sociology of Migration, Sociology of Gender, Medical Sociology, and Sociology of Violence and Insecurity. Due to the deterioration of social and economic conditions, as well as recent disruptions to an already tense political environment, these have become some of the most productive and important fields in Latin American sociology. This roiling sociopolitical atmosphere also generates new and innovative expressions of protest and survival, which are being explored by sociologists across different continents today. The essays included in this collection offer a map to and a thematic articulation of central sociological debates that make it a critical resource for those scholars and students eager to understand contemporary sociology in Latin America.

Rainforest Shamans

Rainforest Shamans
Author: Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
Publisher: Green Books
Total Pages: 364
Release: 1997
Genre: Nature
ISBN:

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Anthropologist Reichel-Dolmatoff spent most of his working life among tribes living in the vast rainforests of the Colombian Northwest Amazon. This collection of essays considers the Tukano Indians and their society. Many of the essays are concerned with the role of shamanism in Tukanoan society, including initiation practices and their curing spells, which show the Tukanoan concepts of illness and its cure. Other essays describe their concepts of universal energies and the ways they can be balanced, and the ecological dimensions of their world-view.

Illegitimacy in Britain, 1700-1920

Illegitimacy in Britain, 1700-1920
Author: Alysa Levene
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2005-10-21
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781403990655

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This book provides a lively consideration of historical illegitimacy from a variety of methodological approaches and geographical standpoints. It subjects commonly-accepted themes to rigorous investigation, and draws out new conclusions on the mobility, strategies, and experiences of parents of illegitimate children. Paternity is given a novel spotlight, as is the survivorship of illegitimate infants. The authors engage with themes from historical demography, and social, cultural, medical, and gender history, giving the book wide appeal.

International Community Psychology

International Community Psychology
Author: Stephanie Reich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 461
Release: 2007-07-03
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0387495002

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This is the first in-depth guide to global community psychology research and practice, history and development, theories and innovations, presented in one field-defining volume. This book will serve to promote international collaboration, enhance theory utilization and development, identify biases and barriers in the field, accrue critical mass for a discipline that is often marginalized, and to minimize the pervasive US-centric view of the field.

The Limits of Medicine

The Limits of Medicine
Author: Edward S. Golub
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 276
Release: 1997-05
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780226302072

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Edward Golub, distinguished researcher and former professor of immunology, shows that major advances in medicine are caused by changes in the way scientists describe disease. Bleeding, sweating, and other treatments we consider barbaric were standard treatments for centuries because they conformed to a conception of disease shared by patients and doctors. Scientific breakthroughs in the understanding of disease in the nineteenth century transformed treatment and the goals of medicine. Golub argues that the ongoing revolution in molecular genetics has opened the door to the "biology of complexity," again transforming our view of disease. This thought-provoking, timely book reveals a crucial but overlooked role of science in medicine, and offers a new vision for the goals of both science and medicine as we enter the twenty-first century.

The History of the European Family: Family life in the long nineteenth century (1789-1913)

The History of the European Family: Family life in the long nineteenth century (1789-1913)
Author: David I. Kertzer
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 482
Release: 2001-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780300090901

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The penultimate volume in this series explores the effect that industrialisation, new technology, the growth of cities, and the revolutions in transport and in communication had on the family between 1789 and 1913.