The Savannah River Plant, now known as the Savannah River Site (SRS), served a critical role in providing nuclear materials for national defense during the Cold War. After the Soviet Union successfully detonated an atomic bomb in 1949, the race to develop the hydrogen bomb began with the construction of a tritium and plutonium production plant in rural South Carolina. This 1950s government project displaced a total of nearly 6,000 people, and the arrival of plant workers into the area forever changed the culture and economy of the surrounding Aiken and Augusta communities. The Savannah River Plant marked a new era of technological innovations and scientific advances that shaped the future not only of South Carolina but the entire nation.