The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. These devices can collect and exchange data, enabling them to interact with each other and with their environment. The significance of IoT lies in its ability to enhance efficiency, provide valuable insights through data analytics, and improve automation in various sectors, ranging from healthcare and agriculture to smart cities and industrial processes. The use of IoT devices has proliferated across diverse sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, and smart homes. These devices offer benefits such as real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and improved decision-making. However, the widespread deployment of IoT devices also raises security concerns due to the interconnected nature of these systems. The interconnected nature of IoT introduces security challenges as it expands the attack surface. Vulnerabilities in one device can potentially compromise the entire network, leading to data breaches, unauthorized access, and disruptions to critical services. Common vulnerabilities in IoT devices include insecure firmware, weak authentication mechanisms, insufficient encryption, and susceptibility to physical tampering. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access, manipulate data, or launch attacks on other devices. Insecure firmware can be a major security risk, as it may contain vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. Weak authentication mechanisms can lead to unauthorized access, while the lack of encryption can expose sensitive data to interception and manipulation. Real-world examples of IoT security breaches include incidents where attackers compromised smart home devices, industrial control systems, or healthcare devices to gain unauthorized access, manipulate data, or disrupt operations. These breaches highlight the need for robust security measures in IoT deployments. Securing IoT networks is challenging due to the diverse nature of devices, varying communication protocols, and the sheer volume of data generated. Additionally, many IoT devices have resource constraints, making it difficult to implement robust security measures. Firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and network segmentation play crucial roles in IoT security. Firewalls help filter and monitor traffic, IDS detects unusual behavior, and network segmentation limits the impact of a breach by isolating compromised devices from the rest of the network. Implementing strong encryption protocols, ensuring secure key management, and regularly updating device firmware are key best practices for safeguarding communication between IoT devices. Additionally, using secure communication protocols such as TLS/SSL enhances the integrity and confidentiality of data. Data generated by IoT devices often includes sensitive information about individuals, their habits, and their environments. Protecting this data is crucial to maintain user privacy and prevent unauthorized access.