Pulmonology or respiratory medicine is a branch of internal medicine and an integral aspect of intensive care that is concerned with the provision of pulmonary care. It is especially significant in patients requiring life support or those suffering from conditions such as emphysema, asthma, tuberculosis, etc. Many complications can arise in the pulmonary health of an individual, which include, percussion of the lung fields, auscultation, clubbing or cyanosis, and palpation of the cervical lymph nodes, among others. A physical diagnosis and review of exposures to toxins, infectious agents, etc. as well as a thorough cardiac investigation are vital for making a diagnosis. Diagnostic tests such as pulmonary function tests, polysomnography, scintigraphy, bronchoscopy, etc. provide significant insights into the pulmonary condition. Medications can be oral or inhalatory. Oral medications include leukotriene antagonists and antibiotics, while inhalation medicines are steroids and bronchodilators. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of pulmonology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.