Plastic Scintillators

Plastic Scintillators
Author: Matthieu Hamel
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 647
Release: 2021-07-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030734889

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This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.

The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting

The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting
Author: J. B. Birks
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 685
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1483156060

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The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting is a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of scintillation counting. This text covers the study of the scintillation process, which is concerned with the interactions of radiation and matter; the design of the scintillation counter; and the wide range of applications of scintillation counters in pure and applied science. The book is easy to read despite the complex nature of the subject it attempts to discuss. It is organized such that the first five chapters illustrate the fundamental concepts of scintillation counting. Chapters 6 to 10 detail the properties and applications of organic scintillators, while the next four chapters discuss inorganic scintillators. The last two chapters provide a review of some outstanding problems and a postscript. Nuclear physicists, radiation technologists, and postgraduate students of nuclear physics will find the book a good reference material.

Optimization of Plastic Scintillator Thicknesses for Online Beta Detection in Mixed Fields

Optimization of Plastic Scintillator Thicknesses for Online Beta Detection in Mixed Fields
Author: Khadijeh Pourtangestani
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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For efficient beta detection in a mixed beta gamma field, Monte Carlo simulation models have been built to optimize the thickness of a plastic scintillator, used in whole body monitor. The simulation has been performed using MCNP/X code and different thicknesses of plastic scintillators ranging from 150 to 600 um have been used. The relationship between the thickness of the scintillator and the efficiency of the detector has been analyzed. For 150 m thickness, an experimental investigation has been conducted with different beta sources at different positions on the scintillator and the counting efficiency of the unit has been measured. Evaluated data along with experimental ones have been discussed. A thickness of 300 um to 500 um has been found to be an optimum thickness for better beta detection efficiency in the presence of low energy gamma ray.

Particle Physics Reference Library

Particle Physics Reference Library
Author: Christian W. Fabjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 1083
Release: 2020
Genre: Elementary particles (Physics).
ISBN: 3030353184

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This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access

Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
Author: K. Siegbahn
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 915
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444596992

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Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Volume 1 offers a comprehensive account of radioactivity and related low-energy phenomena. It summarizes progress in the field of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, including the discovery of the non-conservation of parity, as well as new experimental methods that elucidate the processes of weak interactions in general and beta-decay in particular. Comprised of 14 chapters, the book presents experimental methods and theoretical discussions and calculations to maintain the link between experiment and theory. It begins with a discussion of the interaction of electrons and alpha particles with matter. The book explains the elastic scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei and the interaction between gamma-radiation and matter. It then introduces topic on beta-ray spectrometer theory and design and crystal diffraction spectroscopy of nuclear gamma rays. Moreover, the book discusses the applications of the scintillation counter; proportional counting in gases; and the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the beta- and gamma-rays emitted. In addition, it covers the nuclear shell model; collective nuclear motion and the unified model; and alpha-decay conservation laws. The emissions of gamma-radiation during charged particle bombardment and from fission fragments, as well as the neutron-capture radiation spectroscopy, are also explained. Experimentalists will find this book extremely useful.

Nuclear Science Abstracts

Nuclear Science Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1014
Release: 1974
Genre: Nuclear energy
ISBN:

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Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging

Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging
Author: Claus Grupen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1251
Release: 2012-01-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642132715

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The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.

Liquid Scintillator Beta Counting of Iron-59 in Clear and Colored Systems

Liquid Scintillator Beta Counting of Iron-59 in Clear and Colored Systems
Author: Thomas P. Leffingwell
Publisher:
Total Pages: 10
Release: 1960
Genre: Beta decay
ISBN:

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National Bureau of Standards iron-59-chloride was employed in model systems to quantitate liquid scintillator beta counting of iron-59. In systems which contain a colored iron-ortho-phenanthroline chelate, decline in counting efficiency is a linear function of color density for the concentration gradient investigated. However, presence of the colored chelate causes an increased photon yield relative to the corresponding visibility colorless sample. The enhanced photo yield elevates the entire coincidence counting efficiency curve by approximately 6 percent. The enhancement phenomenon is (1) chelate concentration dependent, (2) beta particle energy dependent, (3) at its maximum at the emission peak of the scintillators in the counting system employed, (4) effected only in the presence of the scintillators, and (5) gamma ray independent.

Particle Detectors

Particle Detectors
Author: Hermann Kolanoski
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 949
Release: 2020-06-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0191899232

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This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.