Recently, several academic studies have asserted varying degrees of under-recording of workplace injuries and illnesses on the OSHA Form 300; (e.g., Boden L.I., Ozonoff A. Capture-Recapture Estimates of Nonfatal Workplace Injuries and Illnesses, 2008 and Rosenman K.D. How Much Work-Related Injury and Illness is Missed By the Current National Surveillance System, 2006). At the request of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions and the House Committee on Education and Labor, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) initiated a study on the accuracy of employer injury and illness records. In an effort to identify and correct under-recorded and incorrectly recorded cases and to work cooperatively with the GAO, OSHA initiated this NEP. This NEP also complements the Bureau of Labor Statistics' efforts to investigate factors accounting for differences in the number of workplace injuries and illnesses estimated by the BLS and other data sources. OSHA postulates a likely area where under-recorded injuries and illnesses may exist is in establishments operating in historically high rate industries and reporting injury and illness rates slightly lower than the cut-off rates used by OSHA to compile its primary inspection targeting list under the Site-Specific Targeting (SST) program. This NEP is one component of OSHA's effort to address the issue of inaccurate recording of occupational injuries and illnesses. In addition to this NEP, OSHA is addressing the issue through comprehensive training of its compliance staff to identify and correct violations of the recordkeeping regulation. OSHA will also develop other enforcement and quality assurance programs to address the recordkeeping issue in establishments and industries outside the scope of this NEP (e.g., the construction industry, Partnerships, VPP and SHARP establishments). The industry scope of the NEP is expanded to include industries listed on BLS table SNR02 for calendar years 2007 and 2008. The focus of the NEP will be on manufacturing industries. (see Appendix A) The deletion criterion for establishments with recalculated DART rates greater than 4.2 has been removed. The injury and illness rate criterion for establishments in scope of the NEP is changed from a DART rate of 4.2 or less to a DART rate greater than 4.2 and less than 8.0. CY 2008 ODI data is used for targeting list selection. The period of records review is changed to focus on CY 2008 and CY 2009 records.