Ideal Male Media Images and Men's Body Esteem

Ideal Male Media Images and Men's Body Esteem
Author: Chetan J. Patel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2014
Genre: Body image in men
ISBN:

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Research has shown that the media generally portray the ideal man as muscular and that their depictions are detrimental to men (Gulas & McKeage, 2000; Hobza & Rochlen, 2009). This study tested the impact of varying the presentation of ideal male media images (i.e., images of muscular men) on men's body esteem (i.e., body satisfaction) (Franzoi & Shields, 1984). It also examined the relations between men's preexisting drive for muscularity, social comparison tendency over physical appearance, and typical level of media exposure to muscular men and their body esteem after observing ideal male media images. Through random assignment, 122 male university students viewed magazine images of muscular men whose physical appearance (appearance-image condition) or physical performance (performance-image condition) was emphasized. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the men in the appearance-image condition did not report significantly lower body esteem levels than those in the performance-image condition. Men with higher drive for muscularity and image exposure levels did not report significantly lower body esteem levels than those with lower such characteristics respectively. Men with a higher social comparison tendency were significantly more dissatisfied with their overall bodies, but not with their physical condition, physical attractiveness, and upper body strength, than those with a lower social comparison tendency. Drive for muscularity and social comparison tendency did not each moderate the effects of image type on body esteem, as the men with the higher drive for muscularity and social comparison tendency did not report significantly lower body esteem levels in the appearance-image condition than in the performance-image condition respectively. In sum, the study results were generally inconsistent with the hypotheses. However, the results did suggest that men with a high social comparison tendency over physical appearance tend to be more dissatisfied with their overall bodies.

Looking Good

Looking Good
Author: Lynne Luciano
Publisher: Macmillan
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2002-01-09
Genre: History
ISBN: 0809066386

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Men once dreaded being accused of vanity, but now they are spending millions on fitness training, bodybuilding, hair replacement, and cosmetic surgery in the relentless pursuit of physical perfection. In this lively examination, Luciano explores what this new world reveals about American society today.

The Adonis Complex

The Adonis Complex
Author: Harrison Pope
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2000
Genre: Body image in men
ISBN: 0684869101

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Growing numbers of young men are taking the quest for perfect muscles, skin and hair too far, crossing the line from normal interest to pathological obsession. For the first time, three of the world's leading authorities on men help us to understand and combat the frightening set of compulsive behaviours that make up the Adonis Complex. Combining colourful case studies with scientific research, they reveal a threat that is as serious as the beauty myth for women or anorexia nervosa for girls. The symptoms of this dangerous body obsession, excessive workouts, steroid abuse, eating disorders and body and muscle dysmorphic disorder (distorted body perception), lead to problems with sex and intimacy, relationships and work. In teenagers, the Adonis Complex can interfere with healthy emotional and physical development. Until now, frank discussion of this problem has been virtually taboo. At last we can hear what men really think and feel about their bodies, so that those who suffer in silence will no longer need to suffer alone.

Body Image

Body Image
Author: Sarah Grogan
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 348
Release: 2016-09-29
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317400429

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Body Image provides a comprehensive summary of research on body image in men, women, and children drawing together research findings from the fields of psychology, sociology, clothing, and gender studies. This third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the significant increase in research on body image since the previous edition, as well as the significant cultural changes in how men’s and women’s bodies are viewed. Data are also included from interviews and focus groups with men, women, and children who have spoken about their experiences of body image and body dissatisfaction, producing a comprehensive understanding of how men and women construct and understand their bodies in the twenty-first century. The only sole-authored text to provide a comprehensive view of body image research, focusing on men, women, and children, Body Image will be invaluable to students and researchers, as well as practitioners with an interest in body image and how to reduce body dissatisfaction.

Body Image

Body Image
Author: Thomas F. Cash
Publisher: Guilford Press
Total Pages: 530
Release: 2004-01-13
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9781593850159

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This uniquely integrative handbook provides a comprehensive account of current theory, research, and clinical practice in the area of body image and body image disorders. The volume's 57 concise chapters have been contributed by internationally recognized experts from diverse mental health, medical, and allied health care disciplines. Authors review the nature and functions of body image; examine psychological, social-contextual, and physical influences on body image experiences; and present effective ways to assess, alleviate, and prevent body image-related suffering. Capturing the richness and complexity of the field in a readily accessible format, every chapter concludes with an informative annotated bibliography.

Body Image

Body Image
Author: Sarah Grogan
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 229
Release: 2016-09-29
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317400437

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Body Image provides a comprehensive summary of research on body image in men, women, and children drawing together research findings from the fields of psychology, sociology, clothing, and gender studies. This third edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the significant increase in research on body image since the previous edition, as well as the significant cultural changes in how men’s and women’s bodies are viewed. Data are also included from interviews and focus groups with men, women, and children who have spoken about their experiences of body image and body dissatisfaction, producing a comprehensive understanding of how men and women construct and understand their bodies in the twenty-first century. The only sole-authored text to provide a comprehensive view of body image research, focusing on men, women, and children, Body Image will be invaluable to students and researchers, as well as practitioners with an interest in body image and how to reduce body dissatisfaction.

The Muscular Ideal

The Muscular Ideal
Author: J. Kevin Thompson
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2007
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN:

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This edited book draws on new research to provide an overview of the muscular ideal, including historical and present socioeconomic trends, assessment and measurement issues, and clinical presentation of disorders such as muscle dysmorphia. Chapters also cover related issues such as steroid use, repeated cosmetic surgery, and prevention issues.

The Role of Exposure to Media-idealized Male Physiques on Men's Body Image

The Role of Exposure to Media-idealized Male Physiques on Men's Body Image
Author: Scott Martin Strong
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN:

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"Although numerous laboratory studies have tested sociocultural models of body image disturbance among females by experimentally exposing participants to mass media image of hyper-thin female models, few controlled studies have examined the possible effects of exposure to images of hyper-lean and muscular males on male body image. This study employed experimental methodology to assess effects of exposure to media portrayals of hyper-lean and muscular male images on body image in men (N = 110). Dependent variables included muscle satisfaction, body fat satisfaction, attitudes about anabolic steroid use, ideal fat-free mass, ideal waist-to-hip ratio, and chest-to-waist ratio self-estimates. Relative to a pre-test and control condition, viewing the mass media 'ideal' physiques resulted in significant decreases in muscle and body fat satisfaction, and in endorsement of body ideals higher in fat-free mass. Variables hypothesized to moderate effects included drive for muscularity, social comparison, pre-test body ideals, and sexual orientation. Moderator analyses yielded few significant effects, and the likelihood that these represent Type I errors is discussed."--Publisher's description

Body Image

Body Image
Author: Sarah Grogan
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2002-01-04
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1134754353

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Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children presents a review of what is presently known and the results of some new research on body image. It compares the effects of gender, sexuality, social class, age and ethnicity on satisfaction with the way we look and suggests how these differences arise. Why, for instance, are heterosexual men much happier with their body images than women or gay men? Sarah Grogan discusses the effect of media presentation of the ideal body and other cultural influences. Surprisingly, despite the almost exclusive media preference for very young female bodies, she finds that older women are not less satisfied with their bodies than younger women. Written for readers from a variety of disciplines, this clear and eclectic book will make the ideal text for students from psychology, sociology, gender and media studies.

Behold the Man

Behold the Man
Author: Edisol Dotson
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2021-03-04
Genre: Art
ISBN: 1317957474

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The first comprehensive study of how images of male beauty are projected onto society, Behold the Man: The Hype and Selling of Male Beauty in Media and Culture examines the role media and society play in creating the image of the idealized male. This book explores how these images are interpreted by all genders and sexual orientations in order to investigate the phenomenon’s effect on the self-esteem of adolescent and adult males. Behold the Man provides you with research and examples that identify this problem from many angles to help you realize that being a man is more than merely possessing muscles and good looks. Discussing examples in which both attractive men and women are idealized as “the norm,” Behold the Man argues that men are experiencing the same injustices as women--splashed on the covers of magazines and in advertisements, based on their sex appeal, sometimes to promote nothing more than their looks. Within Behold the Man, you‘ll find topics that relate to the reasons for and effects of male beauty standards, such as: aspects of male beauty, from Ancient Greek ideals to how it is visualized throughout history in art the vision of “the ideal male,” along with sexual connotations, in advertisements for clothing, cologne, sunglasses, automobiles, and shaving products the emphasis of strong, well-built males and their bodies in movies, music videos, and literature how men alter their bodies by dieting and cosmetic surgery to achieve the look found in advertisements today’s growing numbers of male eating disorders caused by the notion that only good-looking, muscular men are acceptable reasons behind the exploitation of the male body and the double standards for male beauty found within gay male communities how advertisers and authors faithfully follow the “bigger is better” theory--from pectoral and bicep muscles to penis size Recognizing how society has created and changed the appearance of the ideal male, this text explains to you the danger men of all ages face who feel they need to be physically handsome to be desirable. From Behold the Man, you’ll learn about the real messages of advertising and media, the problems they cause, and that true self-worth cannot be measured by physical attributes.