Hydrologic Connectivity Between Landscapes and Streams

Hydrologic Connectivity Between Landscapes and Streams
Author: Kelsey Graham Jencso
Publisher:
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2010
Genre: Biogeochemistry
ISBN:
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Transferring plot and reach scale hydrologic understanding to the catchment scale and elucidating the link between catchment structure and runoff and solute response remains a challenge. To address this challenge, I pursued the following questions as part of this dissertation: How do spatiotemporal distributions of hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) hydrologic connectivity influence whole catchment hydrologic dynamics and what are the implications of this for stream biogeochemistry? What are the implications of catchment structure for riparian buffering and streamflow source water composition? What are the hierarchical controls on hydrologic connectivity and catchment runoff dynamics across 11 diverse headwater catchments and across flow states? I addressed these questions through detailed hydrometric monitoring and analysis (160 recording wells across 24 HRS transects and stream discharge across 11 catchments), tracer sampling and analysis (groundwater, soil water, and stream water sampling of major ions, specific conductance and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), and newly developed digital landscape and terrain analyses. I installed this unprecedented network of instrumentation to address these questions across 11 adjacent and nested catchments within the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF), Rocky Mountains, MT. I determined that 1) hillslope topography, specifically upslope accumulated area (UAA), was the first order control on the duration of transient water table connectivity observed across HRS landscape positions; 2) the intersection of HRS connectivity with riparian area extents determined the degree of riparian groundwater turnover, riparian buffering of upslope water, and the magnitude of DOC transport to streams; 3) 11 catchments' stream network hydrologic connectivity duration curves were highly correlated to streamflow duration curves and the variable slopes of these relationships were explained by vegetation, geology, and within catchment distributions flowpath length and gradient ratios. This dissertation consists of five key chapters / manuscripts that address how landscape structure/organization within and across catchments can control the timing and magnitude of water and solutes observed at catchment outlets.

Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams

Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams
Author: Thibault Datry
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 624
Release: 2017-07-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128039043
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Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers

Linking Dynamic Connectivity and Hydrological Response

Linking Dynamic Connectivity and Hydrological Response
Author: Molly R. Cain
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Groundwater flow
ISBN:
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The dynamic connection and disconnection of water storages in landscapes is a key control on water and solute transport and transformation. However, the processes that control how and when landscapes connect to their streams are complex. Hydrologic connectivity, which often exhibits transient and threshold behavior, depends upon antecedent wetness and hydrologic forcing conditions which modify water fluxes through space and time. Further, the dominant controls on connectivity vary with landscape structure (i.e., natural topography, topology, and geology, as well as human modifications to drainage structure). Characterizations of hydrologic connectivity as a function of antecedent conditions, hydrologic forcing conditions, and landscape structure are needed to accurately predict hydrologic and solute responses as well as to assess their influence on associated ecosystem services.In this body of work, I advance understanding of how dynamic hydrologic connectivity controls hydrologic response across a range of landscapes. I achieve this using a combination of field observations and numerical modeling. The first study explores how representing moisture-dependent, pore-scale hydrologic connectivity-a process called ecohydrologic separation-in a catchment-scale hydrologic model alters interpretations of stores, fluxes, and residence times of water and solutes. The following two chapters assess hydrologic connectivity dynamics in low-gradient landscapes of the Midwestern U.S. The second study explores how antecedent conditions control thresholds of runoff generation and nitrate export in tile-drained agricultural fields using field observations and coupled water and nitrogen cycle simulations. The final study characterizes the spatial and temporal variability of flooding dynamics within topographic features of a minimally human-disturbed floodplain system, highlighting the role of floodplain channels in enhancing river-floodplain connectivity.Overall, this research details conceptualizations of hydrologic connectivity in landscapes not commonly considered in current connectivity frameworks (low-gradient floodplains and intensively managed agricultural landscapes) and presents a novel representation of a moisture-dependent, hydrologic connectivity process and its ecological implications in a highly studied landscape (forested hillslopes).

Hillslope-stream Connectivity Across Scales

Hillslope-stream Connectivity Across Scales
Author: Lisa Angermann
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:
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The concept of hydrologic connectivity summarizes all flow processes that link separate regions of a landscape. As such, it is a central theme in the field of catchment hydrology, with influence on neighboring disciplines such as ecology and geomorphology. It is widely acknowledged to be an important key in understanding the response behavior of a catchment and has at the same time inspired research on internal processes over a broad range of scales. From this process-hydrological point of view, hydrological connectivity is the conceptual framework to link local observations across space and scales. This is the context in which the four studies this thesis comprises of were conducted. The focus was on structures and their spatial organization as important control on preferential subsurface flow. Each experiment covered a part of the conceptualized flow path from hillslopes to the stream: soil profile, hillslope, riparian zone, and stream. For each study site, the most characteristic structures of the investigated domain and scale, such as slope deposits and peat layers were identified based on preliminary or previous investigations or literature reviews. Additionally, further structural data was collected and topographical analyses were carried out. ...

Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment

Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment
Author: Jeremy B. Jones
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 566
Release: 2016-07-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0124059198
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Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment synthesizes the current understanding of stream ecosystem ecology, emphasizing nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics, and providing a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change. Each chapter includes a section focusing on anticipated and ongoing dynamics in stream ecosystems in a changing environment, along with hypotheses regarding controls on stream ecosystem functioning. The book, with its innovative sections, provides a bridge between papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and the findings of researchers in new areas of study. Presents a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change Provides a synthesis of the latest findings on stream ecosystems ecology in one concise volume Includes thought exercises and discussion activities throughout, providing valuable tools for learning Offers conceptual models and hypotheses to stimulate conversation and advance research

Hillslope Hydrology

Hillslope Hydrology
Author: M. J. Kirkby
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 416
Release: 1978
Genre: Science
ISBN:
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A complete guide to the behavior of water on graded land Hillslope Hydrology provides a comprehensive introduction to the behavior of water on a slope. Describing the fates of precipitation, the mechanics of runoff, and the calculations involved in assessment, this book clarifies the complex interplay of soils, sediment, subsurface flow, overland flow, saturation, erosion, and more. An ideal resource for graduate students of Earth science, environmental science, civil engineering, architecture, landscape management, and related fields, this informative guide provides the essential information needed to work effectively with graded land or predict outcomes of precipitation.

Streams and Ground Waters

Streams and Ground Waters
Author: Jeremy B. Jones
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 447
Release: 1999-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080517994
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Streams around the world flow toward the sea in floodplains. All along this transit, there is exchange of water between the stream itself and the surrounding sediments which form the floodplain. Many chemical, biological, and geological processes occur when water moves back and forth between streams and these flood plain sediments. Streams and Groundwaters focuses on the consequences of water flow between streams, their underlying sediments, and surrounding landscapes. Certain to appeal to anyone interested in stream ecology, the management of stream ecosystems, or landscape ecology, this volume should become a oft-opened reference.

Watershed Hydrology

Watershed Hydrology
Author: Vijay P. Singh
Publisher: Allied Publishers
Total Pages: 588
Release: 2003
Genre: Groundwater
ISBN: 9788177645477
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Hydrology and Landscape Structure Control Subalpine Catchment Carbon Export

Hydrology and Landscape Structure Control Subalpine Catchment Carbon Export
Author: Vincent Jerald Pacific
Publisher:
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2009
Genre: Carbon
ISBN:
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Carbon export from high elevation ecosystems is a critical component of the global carbon cycle. Ecosystems in northern latitudes have become the focus of much research due to their potential as large sinks of carbon in the atmosphere. However, there exists limited understanding of the controls of carbon export from complex mountain catchments due to strong spatial and temporal hydrologic variability, and large heterogeneity in landscape structure. The research presented in this dissertation investigates the control of hydrology and landscape structure and position on two major avenues of carbon loss from mountain watersheds: soil respiration and stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export. Measurements of soil respiration and its biophysical controls (soil water content, soil temperature, vegetation, soil organic matter, and soil physical properties) and stream and groundwater DOC dynamics are presented across three years and multiple riparian-hillslope transitions within a complex subalpine catchment in the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana. Variability in soil respiration was related to hydrologic dynamics through space and time and was strongly influenced by topography and landscape structure. Cumulative soil CO 2 efflux was significantly higher from wet riparian landscape positions compared to drier hillslope locations. Changes in hydrologic regimes (e.g. snowmelt and precipitation timing and magnitude) also impacted soil respiration. From a wet to a dry growing season, there were contrasting and disproportionate changes in cumulative growing season surface CO 2 efflux at wet and dry landscape positions. Stream DOC export was also influenced by landscape structure and hydrologic variability. The mobilization and delivery mechanisms of DOC from the soil to the stream were dependent upon the size of DOC source areas and the degree of hydrologic connectivity between the stream and the riparian and hillslope zones, which varied strongly across the landscape. This dissertation provides fundamental insight into the controls of hydrology and landscape structure on carbon export from complex mountain watersheds. The results of this research have large implications for the carbon source/sink status of high elevation mountain ecosystems, the influence of changing hydrologic regimes on soil respiration, and the use of landscape analysis to determine the locations of large source areas for carbon export.