Human-Machine Teamwork

Human-Machine Teamwork
Author: Lorenzo Barberis Canonico
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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Putting AI in the Critical Loop

Putting AI in the Critical Loop
Author: Prithviraj Dasgupta
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 306
Release: 2024-02-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0443159874

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Providing a high level of autonomy for a human-machine team requires assumptions that address behavior and mutual trust. The performance of a human-machine team is maximized when the partnership provides mutual benefits that satisfy design rationales, balance of control, and the nature of autonomy. The distinctively different characteristics and features of humans and machines are likely why they have the potential to work well together, overcoming each other's weaknesses through cooperation, synergy, and interdependence which forms a “collective intelligence. Trust is bidirectional and two-sided; humans need to trust AI technology, but future AI technology may also need to trust humans.Putting AI in the Critical Loop: Assured Trust and Autonomy in Human-Machine Teams focuses on human-machine trust and “assured performance and operation in order to realize the potential of autonomy. This book aims to take on the primary challenges of bidirectional trust and performance of autonomous systems, providing readers with a review of the latest literature, the science of autonomy, and a clear path towards the autonomy of human-machine teams and systems. Throughout this book, the intersecting themes of collective intelligence, bidirectional trust, and continual assurance form the challenging and extraordinarily interesting themes which will help lay the groundwork for the audience to not only bridge the knowledge gaps, but also to advance this science to develop better solutions. Assesses the latest research advances, engineering challenges, and the theoretical gaps surrounding the question of autonomy Reviews the challenges of autonomy (e.g., trust, ethics, legalities, etc.), including gaps in the knowledge of the science Offers a path forward to solutions Investigates the value of trust by humans of HMTs, as well as the bidirectionality of trust, understanding how machines learn to trust their human teammates

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Author: ENGINEERING NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES (AND M.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN: 9780309670333

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"The Digest Version of A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences: A Research Agenda for Advancing Intelligence Analysis summarizes the most important ideas from the full report for the Intelligence Community to consider in the coming decade. This volume provides an overview of the primary opportunities that research in the social and behavioral sciences offers for strengthening national security, specifically the work of the intelligence analyst, and the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee on a Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Survey. This digest version is a succinct roadmap to the critical contribution researchers from these fields make to national security"--Publisher's description

Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration

Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2012-08-30
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0309262674

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On June 12-14, 2012, the Board on Global Science and Technology held an international, multidisciplinary workshop in Washington, D.C., to explore the challenges and advances in intelligent human-machine collaboration (IH-MC), particularly as it applies to unstructured environments. This workshop convened researchers from a range of science and engineering disciplines, including robotics, human-robot and human-machine interaction, software agents and multi-agentsystems, cognitive sciences, and human-machine teamwork. Participants were drawn from research organizations in Australia, China, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The first day of the workshop participants worked to determine how advances in IH-MC over the next two to three years could be applied solving a variety of different real-world scenarios in dynamic unstructured environments, ranging from managing a natural disaster to improving small-lot agile manufacturing. On the second day of the workshop, participants organized into small groups for a deeper exploration of research topics that had arisen, discussion of common challenges, hoped-for breakthroughs, and the national, transnational, and global context in which this research occurs. Day three of the workshop consisted of small groups focusing on longer term research deliverables, as well as identifying challenges and opportunities from different disciplinary and cultural perspectives. In addition, ten participants gave presentations on their research, ranging from human-robot communication, to disaster response robots, to human-in-the-loop control of robot systems. Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop describes in detail the discussions and happenings of the three day workshop.

Human + Machine

Human + Machine
Author: Paul R. Daugherty
Publisher: Harvard Business Press
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2018-03-20
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1633693872

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AI is radically transforming business. Are you ready? Look around you. Artificial intelligence is no longer just a futuristic notion. It's here right now--in software that senses what we need, supply chains that "think" in real time, and robots that respond to changes in their environment. Twenty-first-century pioneer companies are already using AI to innovate and grow fast. The bottom line is this: Businesses that understand how to harness AI can surge ahead. Those that neglect it will fall behind. Which side are you on? In Human + Machine, Accenture leaders Paul R. Daugherty and H. James (Jim) Wilson show that the essence of the AI paradigm shift is the transformation of all business processes within an organization--whether related to breakthrough innovation, everyday customer service, or personal productivity habits. As humans and smart machines collaborate ever more closely, work processes become more fluid and adaptive, enabling companies to change them on the fly--or to completely reimagine them. AI is changing all the rules of how companies operate. Based on the authors' experience and research with 1,500 organizations, the book reveals how companies are using the new rules of AI to leap ahead on innovation and profitability, as well as what you can do to achieve similar results. It describes six entirely new types of hybrid human + machine roles that every company must develop, and it includes a "leader’s guide" with the five crucial principles required to become an AI-fueled business. Human + Machine provides the missing and much-needed management playbook for success in our new age of AI. BOOK PROCEEDS FOR THE AI GENERATION The authors' goal in publishing Human + Machine is to help executives, workers, students and others navigate the changes that AI is making to business and the economy. They believe AI will bring innovations that truly improve the way the world works and lives. However, AI will cause disruption, and many people will need education, training and support to prepare for the newly created jobs. To support this need, the authors are donating the royalties received from the sale of this book to fund education and retraining programs focused on developing fusion skills for the age of artificial intelligence.

Team Human

Team Human
Author: Douglas Rushkoff
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2019-01-22
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0393651703

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“A provocative, exciting, and important rallying cry to reassert our human spirit of community and teamwork.”—Walter Isaacson Team Human is a manifesto—a fiery distillation of preeminent digital theorist Douglas Rushkoff’s most urgent thoughts on civilization and human nature. In one hundred lean and incisive statements, he argues that we are essentially social creatures, and that we achieve our greatest aspirations when we work together—not as individuals. Yet today society is threatened by a vast antihuman infrastructure that undermines our ability to connect. Money, once a means of exchange, is now a means of exploitation; education, conceived as way to elevate the working class, has become another assembly line; and the internet has only further divided us into increasingly atomized and radicalized groups. Team Human delivers a call to arms. If we are to resist and survive these destructive forces, we must recognize that being human is a team sport. In Rushkoff’s own words: “Being social may be the whole point.” Harnessing wide-ranging research on human evolution, biology, and psychology, Rushkoff shows that when we work together we realize greater happiness, productivity, and peace. If we can find the others who understand this fundamental truth and reassert our humanity—together—we can make the world a better place to be human.

Trust in Human-Robot Interaction

Trust in Human-Robot Interaction
Author: Chang S. Nam
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 614
Release: 2020-11-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0128194731

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Trust in Human-Robot Interaction addresses the gamut of factors that influence trust of robotic systems. The book presents the theory, fundamentals, techniques and diverse applications of the behavioral, cognitive and neural mechanisms of trust in human-robot interaction, covering topics like individual differences, transparency, communication, physical design, privacy and ethics. Presents a repository of the open questions and challenges in trust in HRI Includes contributions from many disciplines participating in HRI research, including psychology, neuroscience, sociology, engineering and computer science Examines human information processing as a foundation for understanding HRI Details the methods and techniques used to test and quantify trust in HRI

Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence

Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence
Author: William F. Lawless
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 566
Release: 2021-11-02
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030772837

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This book provides a broad overview of the benefits from a Systems Engineering design philosophy in architecting complex systems composed of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and humans situated in chaotic environments. The major topics include emergence, verification and validation of systems using AI/ML and human systems integration to develop robust and effective human-machine teams—where the machines may have varying degrees of autonomy due to the sophistication of their embedded AI/ML. The chapters not only describe what has been learned, but also raise questions that must be answered to further advance the general Science of Autonomy. The science of how humans and machines operate as a team requires insights from, among others, disciplines such as the social sciences, national and international jurisprudence, ethics and policy, and sociology and psychology. The social sciences inform how context is constructed, how trust is affected when humans and machines depend upon each other and how human-machine teams need a shared language of explanation. National and international jurisprudence determine legal responsibilities of non-trivial human-machine failures, ethical standards shape global policy, and sociology provides a basis for understanding team norms across cultures. Insights from psychology may help us to understand the negative impact on humans if AI/ML based machines begin to outperform their human teammates and consequently diminish their value or importance. This book invites professionals and the curious alike to witness a new frontier open as the Science of Autonomy emerges.

Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration

Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 54
Release: 2012-09-30
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 030926264X

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On June 12-14, 2012, the Board on Global Science and Technology held an international, multidisciplinary workshop in Washington, D.C., to explore the challenges and advances in intelligent human-machine collaboration (IH-MC), particularly as it applies to unstructured environments. This workshop convened researchers from a range of science and engineering disciplines, including robotics, human-robot and human-machine interaction, software agents and multi-agentsystems, cognitive sciences, and human-machine teamwork. Participants were drawn from research organizations in Australia, China, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The first day of the workshop participants worked to determine how advances in IH-MC over the next two to three years could be applied solving a variety of different real-world scenarios in dynamic unstructured environments, ranging from managing a natural disaster to improving small-lot agile manufacturing. On the second day of the workshop, participants organized into small groups for a deeper exploration of research topics that had arisen, discussion of common challenges, hoped-for breakthroughs, and the national, transnational, and global context in which this research occurs. Day three of the workshop consisted of small groups focusing on longer term research deliverables, as well as identifying challenges and opportunities from different disciplinary and cultural perspectives. In addition, ten participants gave presentations on their research, ranging from human-robot communication, to disaster response robots, to human-in-the-loop control of robot systems. Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop describes in detail the discussions and happenings of the three day workshop.

Human-automation teamwork

Human-automation teamwork
Author: Åsa Svensson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 114
Release: 2020-04-07
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9179299032

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This dissertation explores the topic of human-automation teamwork in Air Traffic Control (ATC). ATC is a high stakes environment where complex automation is being introduced while the human operator has the legal responsibility. With increasing demands on productivity in various industries (as also in ATC), automation is introduced for efficiency, maintaining safety, and to keep the workload of the human operator within acceptable limits. However, previous research has shown that automation may cause negative effects on the human operator and performance, such as forcing the operator out of the control loop, which might lead to problems or confusion. Previous research suggests a need for strengthening human-automation collaboration where automation is seen as a team member to keep the operator in the loop. In order to achieve such teamwork, the design of the automation needs to be human-centred, i.e. that the automation is designed for the underlying need of the operator. The aim of this dissertation is to explore teamwork in ATC from several angles to understand how the air traffic controllers are working in current ATC environments and how automation could be designed to support human-automation teamwork. The included studies rely on interviews, simulations, and questionnaires, all with operational air traffic controllers as participants. The results indicate that for both human-human teamwork and human-automation teamwork, teamwork factors such as adaptability and mutual performance monitoring (knowing what the other team members are doing) are important for the work performance in current ATC environments, where mutual performance monitoring is especially important during stressful situations. When designing automation, lessons learned from human-human teamwork should be considered. The work within the scope of this dissertation identifies and concerns two human-automation teamwork aspects: boundary awareness and implicit communication. These are proposed to support the operator’s knowledge about the automation and the communication flow between the operator and the automation. Boundary awareness is the operator’s knowledge of the automation’s abilities, its boundaries (what it can or cannot manage), and about consequences if it would go outside of these boundaries. Implicit communication is the unspoken or implied small cues that the operator and the automation can use to communicate with each other. It is proposed that implicit communication can be based on the work patterns of the operator. The knowledge gained through the work in this dissertation can be used as a foundation for further research and design of automation regarding operator knowledge about the automation boundaries and the communication within the team. Denna avhandling utforskar teamwork mellan människa och automation inom flygtrafikledning. Flygtrafikledning är en högriskmiljö där komplex automation introduceras samtidigt som den mänskliga operatören har det juridiska ansvaret. Med ökade krav på produktivitet inom olika industrier (och även inom flygtrafikledning) så introduceras automation för effektiviteten, för att bibehålla säkerheten och för att hålla arbetsbelastningen för den mänskliga operatören inom acceptabla gränser. Tidigare forskning har däremot visat att automationen kan orsaka negativa effekter på den mänskliga operatören och på prestationen, som till exempel att tvinga ut operatören utanför kontrolloopen vilket leder till problem och förvirring. Tidigare forskning föreslår ett starkare samarbete mellan människa och automation där automationen är sedd som en teammedlem för att behålla operatören i loopen. För att uppnå ett sådant samarbete behöver automation vara människo-centrerad, att automation med andra ord är designad för operatörens underliggande behov. Syftet med denna avhandling är att utforska teamwork från olika vinklar inom flygtrafikledning för att förstå hur flygledare jobbar i nuvarande flygtrafikledningsmiljöer och för att förstå hur automation skulle kunna designas för att stödja teamwork mellan människa och automation. Studierna som denna avhandling bygger på har använt sig av intervjuer, simuleringar och enkäter, alla med operativa flygtrafikledare som deltagare. Resultatet tyder på att för både människa-människa teamwork och människa-automations teamwork så är teamwork faktorer så som flexibilitet och ömsesidig övervakning av teammedlemmarnas prestationer viktiga där övervakning av teammedlemmarnas prestationer är speciellt viktigt under stressiga situationer. När man designar automation bör man ta lärdom från teamwork mellan människor. Vidare så identifierar och behandlar arbetet inom denna avhandling två aspekter gällande teamwork mellan människa och automation: gränsmedvetenhet och implicit kommunikation. Dessa aspekter är föreslagna vi att stötta operatörens kunskap om automationen och kommunikationsflödet mellan operatören och automationen. Gränsmedvetenhet är operatörens kunskap om automationens förmågor, dess gränser och dess konsekvenser när automation går utanför dessa gränser. Implicit kommunikation är de outtalade eller implicita ledtrådar som operatören och automationen kan använda för att kommunicera med varandra. Det är föreslaget att implicit kommunikation kan baseras på arbetsmönster från operatören eller från prediktioner från automationen. Kunskapen från denna avhandling kan användas som ett underlagför vidare forskning och design av automation gällande operatörers kunskap om automationens gränser och kommunikationen inom teamet.