High-Rate, High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution Systems

High-Rate, High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution Systems
Author: Nurul T. Islam
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 140
Release: 2018-10-01
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3319989294
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This book describes a broad research program on quantum communication. Here, a cryptographic key is exchanged by two parties using quantum states of light and the security of the system arises from the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. The author developed new communication protocols using high-dimensional quantum states so that more than one classical bit is transferred by each photon. This approach helps circumvent some of the non-ideal properties of the experimental system, enabling record key rates on metropolitan distance scales. Another important aspect of the work is the encoding of the key on high-dimensional phase-randomized weak coherent states, combined with so-called decoy states to thwart a class of possible attacks on the system. The experiments are backed up by a rigorous security analysis of the system, which accounts for all known device non-idealities. The author goes on to demonstrate a scalable approach for increasing the dimension of the quantum states, and considers attacks on the system that use optimal quantum cloning techniques. This thesis captures the current state-of-the-art of the field of quantum communication in laboratory systems, and demonstrates that phase-randomized weak coherent states have application beyond quantum communication.

High-dimensional Entanglement-based Quantum Key Distribution

High-dimensional Entanglement-based Quantum Key Distribution
Author: Tian Zhong (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
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Conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) uses a discrete two-dimensional Hilbert space for key encoding, such as the polarization state of a single photon. In contrast, high-dimensional QKD allows encoding onto a larger state space, such as multiple levels of a continuous variable of a single photon, thus enabling the system to achieve higher photon information efficiency (bits/photon) and potentially higher key rate (bits/second). However, its deployment requires high-performance source, detector, and routing technologies tailored to the specific large-alphabet encoding scheme. One such high-dimensional QKD system of interest is based on time-energy entanglement, in which keys are derived from the arrival times of photon pairs generated from continuous-wave (CW) spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). This thesis focuses on the implementation of a time-energy entanglement-based QKD system, with the development of several enabling technologies including an efficient single-spatial-mode source of time-energy entangled photons based on a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) waveguide, GHz self-differencing InGaAs singlephoton avalanche diodes (SPADs), and the first demonstration of non-locally dispersion-canceled Franson quantum interferometry achieving 99.6% visibility. We then utilize these technologies to perform two full QKD protocols. The first protocol uses SPDCgenerated entangled photons for both key extraction and Franson interferometry, yielding a secure key rate -90 kbits/s with up to 4 bits/photon after error-correction and privacy amplification. The second protocol deploys two different photon sources: an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source is pulse-position modulated to perform random key generation, and a CW-SPDC source is for Franson security check. In this latter case, we have achieved a secure key rate 7.3 Mbits/s with 2.9 bits/photon, which represents the state-of-the-art in today's QKD technology.

Twisted Photons

Twisted Photons
Author: Juan P. Torres
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 393
Release: 2011-03-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3527635378
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This book deals with applications in several areas of science and technology that make use of light which carries orbital angular momentum. In most practical scenarios, the angular momentum can be decomposed into two independent contributions: the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum. The orbital contribution affords a fundamentally new degree of freedom, with fascinating and wide-spread applications. Unlike spin angular momentum, which is associated with the polarization of light, the orbital angular momentum arises as a consequence of the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of an optical field, even down to the single photon limit. Researchers have begun to appreciate its implications for our understanding of the ways in which light and matter can interact, and its practical potential in different areas of science and technology.

High-dimensional Quantum Communication Over Deployed Fiber

High-dimensional Quantum Communication Over Deployed Fiber
Author: Catherine Lee (Ph. D.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 143
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) exploits the inherent strangeness of quantum mechanics to improve secure communication, enabling two pre-authenticated participants to establish symmetric encryption keys over long distances, without making any assumptions about the computational abilities of an adversary. QKD commonly relies on the transmission and detection of single photons to distribute the secret keys, but the secret-key generation rates are often limited by hardware, namely the ability to produce or detect nonclassical states of light. We address this challenge by using high-dimensional encoding to increase the secure information yield per detected photon. In this thesis, we present security analysis for and the first demonstrations of a resource-efficient high-dimensional QKD protocol, including two varieties of implementation that each have different strengths and weaknesses. We introduce a 42-km deployed fiber testbed that we use to demonstrate our high-dimensional QKD protocol. We also demonstrate the violation of a steering inequality, confirming that we can produce entanglement in the lab and distribute it over the deployed fiber. By these experiments, we demonstrate both the utility of our high-dimensional QKD protocol and the feasibility of our testbed for further applications in quantum communication and networking.

Physical-Layer Security and Quantum Key Distribution

Physical-Layer Security and Quantum Key Distribution
Author: Ivan B. Djordjevic
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2019-09-14
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3030275655
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This textbook integrates the most advanced topics of physical-layer security, cryptography, covert/stealth communications, quantum key distribution (QKD), and cyber security to tackle complex security issues. After introducing the reader to various concepts and practices, the author addresses how these can work together to target problems, rather than treating them as separate disciplines. This book offers students an in-depth exposition on: cryptography, information-theoretic approach to cryptography, physical-layer security, covert/stealth/low-probability of detection communications, quantum information theory, QKD, and cyber security; to mention few. The goal is to provide a unified description of the most advanced topics related to: (i) modern cryptography, (ii) physical-layer security, (iii) QKD, (iv) covert communications, and (v) cyber security. Each chapter is followed by a set of problems. Also, for readers to better understand the book, an appendix covers all needed background. Homework problems and lecture notes are available online. The book does not require any prior knowledge or prerequisite material.

Single-Photon Generation and Detection

Single-Photon Generation and Detection
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 593
Release: 2013-11-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0123876966
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Single-photon generation and detection is at the forefront of modern optical physics research. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared. The use of single photons, produced on demand with well-defined quantum properties, offers an unprecedented set of capabilities that are central to the new area of quantum information and are of revolutionary importance in areas that range from the traditional, such as high sensitivity detection for astronomy, remote sensing, and medical diagnostics, to the exotic, such as secretive surveillance and very long communication links for data transmission on interplanetary missions. The goal of this volume is to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the technology and techniques that are available to enable them to better design an experimental plan for its intended purpose. The book will be broken into chapters focused specifically on the development and capabilities of the available detectors and sources to allow a comparative understanding to be developed by the reader along with and idea of how the field is progressing and what can be expected in the near future. Along with this technology, we will include chapters devoted to the applications of this technology, which is in fact much of the driver for its development. This is set to become the go-to reference for this field. Covers all the basic aspects needed to perform single-photon experiments and serves as the first reference to any newcomer who would like to produce an experimental design that incorporates the latest techniques Provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared, thus giving broad background that should enable newcomers to the field to make rapid progress in gaining proficiency Written by leading experts in the field, among which, the leading Editor is recognized as having laid down the roadmap, thus providing the reader with an authenticated and reliable source

Quantum Communication, Quantum Networks, and Quantum Sensing

Quantum Communication, Quantum Networks, and Quantum Sensing
Author: Ivan B. Djordjevic
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 624
Release: 2022-07-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0128231009
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Quantum Communication, Quantum Networks, and Quantum Sensing represents a self-contained introduction to quantum communication, quantum error-correction, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. It starts with basic concepts from classical detection theory, information theory, and channel coding fundamentals before continuing with basic principles of quantum mechanics including state vectors, operators, density operators, measurements, and dynamics of a quantum system. It continues with fundamental principles of quantum information processing, basic quantum gates, no-cloning and theorem on indistinguishability of arbitrary quantum states. The book then focuses on quantum information theory, quantum detection and Gaussian quantum information theories, and quantum key distribution (QKD). The book then covers quantum error correction codes (QECCs) before introducing quantum networks. The book concludes with quantum sensing and quantum radars, quantum machine learning and fault-tolerant quantum error correction concepts. Integrates quantum information processing fundamentals, quantum communication, quantum error correction, quantum networks, QKD, quantum sensing, and quantum machine learning Provides in-depth exposition on the design of quantum error correction circuits, quantum communications systems, quantum networks, and quantum sensing systems Shows how to design the information processing circuits, stabilizer codes, CSS codes, entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes Describes quantum machine learning

Quantum Cryptography at High Speed

Quantum Cryptography at High Speed
Author: Veronica Fernandez-Marmol
Publisher:
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2009-12
Genre:
ISBN: 9783838329246
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High-dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Frequency Encoding

High-dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Frequency Encoding
Author: Changchen Chen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN:
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The second part of this thesis studies the time-domain characterization of time-energy entangled photon pairs. We present here the first experimental demonstration of the conjugate-Franson interferometer (CFI). We show that the CFI visibility can certify time-energy entanglement and detect the biphoton spectral phase, which Franson interferometry and Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry are incapable of.

Quantum Key Distribution Protocols with High Rates and Low Costs

Quantum Key Distribution Protocols with High Rates and Low Costs
Author: Zheshen Zhang
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2009
Genre: Cryptography
ISBN:
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In the age of information explosion, there is huge amount of information generated every second. Some of the information generated, for example news, is supposed to be shared by public and anyone in the world can get a copy of it. However, sometimes, information is only supposed to be maintain private or only shared by a given group of people. In the latter case, information protection becomes very important. There are various ways to protect information. One of the technical ways is cryptography, which is an area of interest for mathematicians, computer scientists and physicists. As a new area in cryptography, physical layer security has been paid great attention recently. Quantum key distribution is a hot research topic for physical layer security in the two decades. This thesis focuses on two quantum key distribution protocols that can potentially increase the key generation rate and lower the cost. On protocol is based on amplified spontaneous emission as signal source and the other one is based on discretely signaled continuous variable quantum communication. The security analysis and experimental implementation issues for both protocols are discussed.