Communities in Action

Communities in Action
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 583
Release: 2017-04-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309452961
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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health
Author: Roger Detels
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 1717
Release: 2017
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019881013X
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Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline

Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities

Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities
Author: Centers of Disease Control
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 92
Release: 2017-09-27
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9289052651
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Evidence indicates that actions within four main themes (early child development fair employment and decent work social protection and the living environment) are likely to have the greatest impact on the social determinants of health and health inequities. A systematic search and analysis of recommendations and policy guidelines from intergovernmental organizations and international bodies identified practical policy options for action on social determinants within these four themes. Policy options focused on early childhood education and care; child poverty; investment strategies for an inclusive economy; active labour market programmes; working conditions; social cash transfers; affordable housing; and planning and regulatory mechanisms to improve air quality and mitigate climate change. Applying combinations of these policy options alongside effective governance for health equity should enable WHO European Region Member States to reduce health inequities and synergize efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The Health Gap

The Health Gap
Author: Michael Marmot
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2015-09-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1408857987
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'Punchily written ... He leaves the reader with a sense of the gross injustice of a world where health outcomes are so unevenly distributed' Times Literary Supplement 'Splendid and necessary' Henry Marsh, author of Do No Harm, New Statesman There are dramatic differences in health between countries and within countries. But this is not a simple matter of rich and poor. A poor man in Glasgow is rich compared to the average Indian, but the Glaswegian's life expectancy is 8 years shorter. The Indian is dying of infectious disease linked to his poverty; the Glaswegian of violent death, suicide, heart disease linked to a rich country's version of disadvantage. In all countries, people at relative social disadvantage suffer health disadvantage, dramatically so. Within countries, the higher the social status of individuals the better is their health. These health inequalities defy usual explanations. Conventional approaches to improving health have emphasised access to technical solutions – improved medical care, sanitation, and control of disease vectors; or behaviours – smoking, drinking – obesity, linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. These approaches only go so far. Creating the conditions for people to lead flourishing lives, and thus empowering individuals and communities, is key to reduction of health inequalities. In addition to the scale of material success, your position in the social hierarchy also directly affects your health, the higher you are on the social scale, the longer you will live and the better your health will be. As people change rank, so their health risk changes. What makes these health inequalities unjust is that evidence from round the world shows we know what to do to make them smaller. This new evidence is compelling. It has the potential to change radically the way we think about health, and indeed society.

Health Inequities in India

Health Inequities in India
Author: T.K. Sundari Ravindran
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 255
Release: 2017-12-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9811050899
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This timely contribution to the global literature on health inequities approaches the subject through a synthesis and analysis of relevant published literature on India. Amongst the BRICS countries, India ranks the lowest in the gender-gap index and has the highest poverty rate, and there is clear evidence that socio-economic inequalities have increased in India in the twenty-first century. These have direct impact on the health conditions of its people; however, there has been relatively little concerted research attention on health inequities in India. This volume fills the gap by synthesizing research evidence since the year 2000 on the topic. This is perhaps the first volume on this topic of such scope and breadth. Its uniqueness lies in the synthesis of evidence across a range of axes of disadvantages within a single volume: socio-economic position, caste, gender, other socially constructed vulnerabilities such as disability, HIV status, migrant status; and health-system factors contributing to or mitigating inequities in health. Each core chapter not only summarizes research findings but also engages critically with the perspectives reflected in the chapters and proposes a framework for understanding the mechanisms through which health inequities result. This volume highlights and addresses research gaps in both methodology and content, and is valuable to researchers and students of public health and allied health disciplines, including the social sciences, and also to policy makers and donors.

Global Child Health

Global Child Health
Author: Krishnan Subrahmanian
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 108
Release: 2018-04-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319751360
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This timely resource brings child health to the forefront of global health and the crucial goal of universal equity of care. Its resource-based framework offers contemporary perspective on factors driving child health disparities, specific vulnerabilities of underserved children, and ways readers can become effective advocates for children. The book critiques current child health policy worldwide, examining both policies that are helping to alleviate and are contributing to further inequities. And the authors provide an extensive toolkit to aid professionals in multidimensional screening for child, newborn, maternal, and post-natal health as well as socioeconomic determinants of health. Included in the coverage: · What is global health? · The current state of global child health and disparities · Global health disparities in high-resource settings · Pathologies disproportionally affecting the underserved · Policy and advocacy framework · Navigating the domestic resources (an advocate’s well child check) Global Child Health will find a ready audience among child health providers (physicians, advanced practice providers, nursing staff, social workers, allied healthcare providers, public health professionals), medical educators (medical schools, departments of pediatrics, schools of public health, nursing schools and programs, schools of allied health), and child health policymakers (staff at USAID, Health and Human Services, health services researchers in child and global health policy, health advocacy-related nonprofit organizations).

Population Health Monitoring

Population Health Monitoring
Author: Marieke Verschuuren
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2018-12-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319765620
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This timely volume presents an in-depth tour of population health monitoring—what it is, what it does, and why it has become increasingly important to health information systems across Europe. Introductory chapters ground readers in the structures of health information systems, and the main theoretical and conceptual models of population health monitoring. From there, contributors offer tools and guidelines for optimum monitoring, including best practices for gathering and contextualizing data and for disseminating findings, to benefit the people most affected by the information. And an extended example follows the step-by-step processes of population health monitoring through a study of health inequalities, from data collection to policy recommendations. Included in the coverage: · Structuring health information: frameworks, models, and indicators · Analysis: contextualization of process and content · Knowledge translation: key concepts, terms, and activities · Health inequality monitoring: a practical application of population health monitoring · Relating population health monitoring to other types of health assessments · Population health monitoring: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats A robust guide with international implications for an emerging field, Population Health Monitoring is a salient reference for public health experts working in the field of health information as well as post-graduate public health students and public health policymakers. "In this comprehensive and easy to read volume, Verschuuren and van Oers, accompanied by other specialists in the field, present a fresh and thoroughly researched contribution on the discipline of population health monitoring. They critically analyse and describe the phases, functions and approaches to population health monitoring but far more importantly, the discipline is positioned within the wider domains of public health, health policy and health systems. The book is definitely highly recommended reading for students of public health and health services management but is also a useful refresher course for public health practitioners." Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, President, European Public Health Association Chapter 7 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license at link.springer.com Chapter 8 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license at link.springer.com

Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring

Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 123
Release: 2013
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9241548630
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"The Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries is a resource that enables countries to do just that. It presents a comprehensive yet clear overview of health inequality monitoring in a user-friendly manner. The handbook succeeds in giving those involved in health inequality monitoring an appreciation of the complexities of the process, as well as building the practical knowledge and skills for systematic monitoring of health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries. The use of the handbook will enable countries to better monitor and evaluate their progress and performance with a high degree of accountability and transparency, and allow them to use the results to formulate evidenced-based policies, programmes and practices to tackle inequalities in an effective manner."--Publisher's description.

Challenging Inequities in Health

Challenging Inequities in Health
Author: Timothy Evans
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2001
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019513740X
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This text provides a unique view of global inequities in health status and health sytems. Emphasizing socioeconomic conditions, it combines chapters on conceptual and measurement issues with case studies from around the world.

Global Health Inequities

Global Health Inequities
Author: Fernando De Maio
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2014-05-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1350314544
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Despite living in a 'globalized' world where advances in medicine, technology and science come at an ever-increasing pace, there exist staggering inequalities in health. Even as we celebrate new pharmaceutical developments, access to already-existing medicines is hindered by economic and political barriers for poor people around the world. Critical but accessible, Global Health Inequities questions taken-for-granted assumptions, showing how breakthroughs in biomedicine alone cannot address inequities in health. The book's analysis of theory and empirical work elucidates key debates and highlights the most significant challenges facing global health today, including the growing burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and the persistent injustice of neglected tropical diseases. Fernando De Maio identifies the need for sociological analysis in global health, drawing together research from public health, sociology, anthropology and related fields, in order to expand the scope of the medical gaze towards a more holistic and structural perspective of health inequity.