Gha-ra-bagh!

Gha-ra-bagh!
Author: Mark Malkasian
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
Total Pages: 268
Release: 1996
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780814326046

Download Gha-ra-bagh! Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

"Gha-ra-bagh!" chronicles the initial stages of the first mass national democratic movement in the former Soviet Union. The popular ground swell, which came to be known as the Karabagh movement, transformed the political consciousness of Soviet Armenians and led them to challenge the legitimacy of the Soviet system. This book provides a rich and fascinating history of a pivotal year in Soviet Armenia and a deeper understanding of Armenia's present situation.

Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus

Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus
Author: Ohannes Geukjian
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2016-05-13
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1317140737

Download Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This book examines the underlying factors of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the South Caucasus from 1905 to 1994, and explores the ways in which issues of ethnicity and nationalism contributed to that conflict. The author examines the historiography and politics of the conflict, and the historical, territorial and ethnic dimensions which contributed to the dynamics of the war. The impact of Soviet policies and structures are also included, pinpointing how they contributed to the development of nationalism and the maintenance of national identities. The book firstly explores the historical development of the Armenian and Azerbaijani national identities and the overlapping claims to the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. The author goes on to assess the historical link between ethnicity and territorial location as sources of ethnic identification and conflict. He examines how identity differences shaped the relationsa between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the different phases of conflict and presents a detailed historical account of Soviet nationalities policy and ethno-territorial federalism - the basis of which ethnic relations were conducted between governing and minority nations in the south Caucasus. This invaluable book offers students and scholars of post-Soviet politics and society a unique insight into the causes and consequences of this long-standing conflict.

Modern Hatreds

Modern Hatreds
Author: Stuart J. Kaufman
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2015-06-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1501701991

Download Modern Hatreds Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Ethnic conflict has been the driving force of wars all over the world, yet it remains an enigma. What is it about ethnicity that breaks countries apart and drives people to acts of savage violence against their lifelong neighbors? Stuart Kaufman rejects the notion of permanent "ancient hatreds" as the answer. Dissatisfied as well with a purely rationalist explanation, he finds the roots of ethnic violence in myths and symbols, the stories ethnic groups tell about who they are. Ethnic wars, Kaufman argues, result from the politics of these myths and symbols—appeals to flags and faded glories that aim to stir emotions rather than to address interests. Popular hostility based on these myths impels groups to follow extremist leaders invoking such emotion-laden ethnic symbols. If ethnic domination becomes their goal, ethnic war is the likely result. Kaufman examines contemporary ethnic wars in the Caucasus and southeastern Europe. Drawing on information from a variety of sources, including visits to the regions and dozens of personal interviews, he demonstrates that diplomacy and economic incentives are not enough to prevent or end ethnic wars. The key to real conflict resolution is peacebuilding—the often-overlooked effort by nongovernmental organizations to change hostile attitudes at both the elite and the grassroots levels.

The Armenians

The Armenians
Author: Razmik Panossian
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Total Pages: 466
Release: 2006-05-27
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780231511339

Download The Armenians Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The Armenians traces the evolution of Armenia and Armenian collective identity from its beginnings to the Armenian nationalist movement over Gharabagh in 1988. Applying theories of national-identity formation and nationalism, Razmik Panossian analyzes different elements of Armenian identity construction and argues that national identity is modern, predominantly subjective, and based on a political sense of belonging. Yet he also acknowledges the crucial role of history, art, literature, religious practice, and commerce in preserving the national memory and shaping the cultural identity of the Armenian people. Panossian explores a series of landmark events, among them Armenians' first attempts at liberation, the Armenian renaissance of the nineteenth century, the 1915 genocide of the Ottoman Armenians, and Soviet occupation. He shows how these influences led to a "multilocal" evolution of Armenian identity in various places in and outside of Armenia, notably in diasporan communities from India to Venice. Today, these numerous identities contribute to deep divisions and tensions within the Armenian nation, the most profound of which is the cultural divide between Armenians residing in their homeland and those who live in the United States, Canada, the Middle East, and elsewhere. Considering the diversity of this single nation, Panossian questions the theoretical assumption that nationalism must be homogenizing. Based on extensive research conducted in Armenia and the diaspora, including interviews and translation of Armenian-language sources, The Armenians is an engaging history and an invaluable comparative study.

JPRS Report

JPRS Report
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 52
Release: 1988
Genre:
ISBN:

Download JPRS Report Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Armenia

Armenia
Author: Robert Krikorian
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2013-10-11
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1134412185

Download Armenia Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia has remained on the brink of on the brink of becoming an economic crossroads or an isolated backwater, a democratic or authoritarian state, a peaceful and prosperous country or a nation on the brink of conflict. Armenia's difficult independence is intricately linked with her transcaucasian neighbours, and whichever path she follows, they will undoubtedly be affected. Armenia: At the Crossroads considers Armenia as a nationa and as a state, and puts her tragic history into the context of current events since independence.

Competitive Authoritarianism

Competitive Authoritarianism
Author: Steven Levitsky
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2010-08-16
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1139491482

Download Competitive Authoritarianism Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Based on a detailed study of 35 cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and post-communist Eurasia, this book explores the fate of competitive authoritarian regimes between 1990 and 2008. It finds that where social, economic, and technocratic ties to the West were extensive, as in Eastern Europe and the Americas, the external cost of abuse led incumbents to cede power rather than crack down, which led to democratization. Where ties to the West were limited, external democratizing pressure was weaker and countries rarely democratized. In these cases, regime outcomes hinged on the character of state and ruling party organizations. Where incumbents possessed developed and cohesive coercive party structures, they could thwart opposition challenges, and competitive authoritarian regimes survived; where incumbents lacked such organizational tools, regimes were unstable but rarely democratized.

Secessionist Rule

Secessionist Rule
Author: Franziska Smolnik
Publisher: Campus Verlag
Total Pages: 427
Release: 2016-09-08
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3593435144

Download Secessionist Rule Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Franziska Smolniks Untersuchung stützt sich auf die südkaukasischen international nicht beziehungsweise nur zum Teil anerkannten De-facto-Staaten, die sich weiterhin im Konflikt mit ihren einstigen Metropolstaaten befinden. Sie zeigt, wie auch sogenannte Gewaltkonflikte niedriger Intensität die Form und Funktion von politischer Herrschaft entscheidend prägen können.

Post-Soviet Armenia

Post-Soviet Armenia
Author: Irina Ghaplanyan
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2017-11-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1315282674

Download Post-Soviet Armenia Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia has struggled to establish itself, with a faltering economy, emigration of the intelligentsia and the weakening of civil society. This book explores how a new national elite has emerged and how it has constructed a new national narrative to suit Armenia’s new circumstances. The book examines the importance of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Azerbaijan, considers the impact of fraught relations with Turkey and the impact of relations with other neighbouring states including Russia, and discusses the poorly-developed role of the very large Armenian diaspora. Overall, the book provides a key overview to understanding the forces shaping all aspects of present-day Armenia.

The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict

The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
Author: Michael P. Croissant
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 192
Release: 1998-07-23
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0313071721

Download The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Of all the violent disputes that have flared across the former Soviet Union since the late 1980s, the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict is the only one to pose a genuine threat to peace and security throughout Eurasia. By right of its strategic location and oil resources, the Transcaucasus has been and will continue to be a source of interest for external powers competing to advance their geopolitical influence in the region. Under such conditions, the possibility will remain for the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict to reignite and expand to include other powers. The ten-year conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has been one of the bloodiest and most intractable disputes to emerge from the breakup of the Soviet Union. Animosity that developed between the Armenians and Azeris under czarist Russian rule was fueled by the rise of a dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, a mountainous region for which both peoples feel an intense nationalistic affinity. The attachment of the region to Azerbaijan by Stalin in 1923 became a source of deep resentment for the Armenians, and during the rule of Gorbachev, a campaign was begun to achieve the peaceful unification of Armenia and Karabakh. Azerbaijan resisted the move as a threat to its territorial integrity, and clashes that broke out soon escalated into a full-scale war that outlived the USSR itself. Although a cease-fire has been observed since May, 1994, a peaceful settlement to the conflict has been elusive. Meanwhile, by right of both the strategic location and resources and the unique security characteristics of the Transcaucasus, major external powers—Russia, Turkey, and Iran—have sought to influence the dispute according to their geopolitical interests. With the growth of interest in the oil riches of the Caspian Sea and the increasing engagement of Western countries, including the United States, the risks and implications of renewed violence between Armenia and Azerbaijan will grow. This major study will be of interest to students, scholars, and policymakers involved with international relations, military affairs, and the Transcaucasus.