Geosynchronous SAR: System and Signal Processing

Geosynchronous SAR: System and Signal Processing
Author: Teng Long
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2018-04-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 981107254X

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This book chiefly addresses the analysis and design of geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) systems, focusing on the algorithms, analysis, methods used to compensate for ionospheric influences, and validation experiments for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Further, it investigates special problems in the GEO SAR context, such as curved trajectories, the Earth’s rotation, the ‘non-stop-and-go’ model, high-order Doppler parameters, temporal-variant ionospheric errors etc. These studies can also be extended to SAR with very high resolution and long integration time. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, scientists and engineers in SAR and advanced graduate students in related areas will greatly benefit from this book.

Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar

Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar
Author: Davide Bruno
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging from geosynchronous orbit has significantpotential advantages over conventional low-Earth orbit (LEO) radars, but alsochallenges to overcome. This thesis investigates both active and passive geosynchronous SAR configurations, presenting their different features and advantages. Following a system design trade-off that involved phase uncertainties, link budget, frequency and integration time, an L band bi-static configuration with 8-hour integrationtime that reuses the signal from a non-cooperative transmitter has been presented as asuitable solution. Cranfield Space Research Centre looked into this configuration and proposed theGeoSAR concept, an L band bi-static SAR based on the concept by Prati et al. (1998). It flies along a circular ground track orbit, reuses the signal coming from a noncooperativetransmitter in GEO and achieves a spatial resolution of about 100 m. The present research contributes to the GeoSAR concept exploring the implicationsdue to the 8-hour integration time and providing insights about its performance and itspossible fields of application. Targets such as canopies change their backscattered phase on timescales of secondsdue to their motion. On longer time scales, changes in dielectric properties of targets, Earth tides and perturbations in the structure of the atmosphere contribute to generatephase fluctuations in the collected signals. These phenomena bring temporaldecorrelation and cause a reduction in SAR coherent integration gain. They have to becompensated for if useful images are to be provided. A SAR azimuth simulator has been developed to study the influence of temporaldecorrelation on GeoSAR point spread function. The analysis shows that ionosphericdelay is the major source of decorrelation; other effects, such as tropospheric delayand Earth tides, have to be dealt with but appear to be easier to handle. Two different options for GeoSAR interferometry have been discussed. The system iswell suited to differential interferometry, due to the short perpendicular baselineinduced by the geometry. A GeoSAR has advantages over a Low Earth Orbit (LEO)SAR system to monitor processes with significant variability over daily or shortertimescales (e.g. soil moisture variation). This potential justifies further study of theconcept.

Study on the Feasibility of Geosynchronous Satellites for Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications

Study on the Feasibility of Geosynchronous Satellites for Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications
Author: Josep Ruiz Rodon
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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English: A complete analysis on the feasibility of geosynchronous satellites to perform Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) acquisition is assessed in this thesis. The goal of a Geosynchronous SAR mission is to obtain SAR images using the relative motion of a geosynchronous satellite with respect to the Earth's surface. This motion can be achieved by a slightly inclined orbital plane relative to the Equator which can be combined with small eccentricities on a satellite non-perfect geostationary orbit. In the thesis, the synthetic aperture formation, power budget and doppler history analysis, ambiguity levels, focusing and other processing issues are presented.

Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar for Earth Continuous Observation Missions

Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar for Earth Continuous Observation Missions
Author: Josep Ruiz Rodon
Publisher:
Total Pages: 333
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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Aquesta tesi s'emmarca dins de l'àmbit de la teledetecció, en particular, en els sistemes coneguts com a radar d'obertura sintètica (SAR en anglès) des de l'espai. Aquests sistemes adquireixen senyal al llarg de l'òrbita d'un o més satèl·lits on estan situats el transmissor i el receptor, i processa els ecos de forma coherent per a formar l'obertura sintètica. D'aquesta manera es poden aconseguir imatge d'alta resolució sense la necessitat d'emprar un array d'antenes molt gran. El treball realitzat en aquest estudi es centra en un nou concepte dins del món SAR que consisteix en l'ús de satèl·lits en òrbita geostacionària per a l'adquisició d'imatges, sistemes coneguts com a Geosynchronous SAR o GEOSAR. En aquest cas, els petits moviments relatius dels satèl·lits respecte de la superfície terrestre s'empren per a aconseguir el desplaçament necessari per a formar l'obertura sintètica i així obtenir la imatge. El principal avantatge d'aquests sistemes respecte a la tecnologia actual (on s'utilitzen satèl·lits en orbites més baixes LEO) és la possibilitat d'adquirir imatges d'una mateixa zona de forma permanent gràcies als petits desplaçaments del satèl·lit. Així doncs, en aquesta tesi s'estudien les diferents possibilitats en el disseny orbital que ofereixen aquests sistemes així com les resolucions d'imatge que s'obtindrien. Tot i així, l'ús de satèl·lits en òrbita geoestacionària, resulta en una distància entre el transmissor/receptor i l'escena entre 35000-38000 Km, molt més gran que les distàncies típiques en els sistemes LEO per sota dels 1000 Km. Tot i així, el moviment lent de les plataformes geostacionàries fa possible la integració de polsos durant minuts o hores, arribant a nivells acceptables de relació senyal a soroll (SNR) sense necessitat d'utilitzar potències transmeses i antenes massa grans. A més a més, aquesta llarga integració també permet assolir unes longituds d'obertura sintètica adients per a arribar a resolucions d'imatge desitjades (de l'ordre de pocs metres o kilòmetres segons l'aplicació). Malgrat això, l'ús de temps d'integració llargs té una sèrie d'inconvenients com poden ser la decorrelació dels blancs de l'escena, l'aparició d'artefactes atmosfèrics deguts als canvis d'índex de refracció en la troposfera, derives dels rellotges del transmissor i receptor, decorrelació del clutter o errors en el posicionament orbital, que poden afectar la correcta focalització de la imatge. Així doncs, en la tesi s'ha fet un detallat estudi teòric d'aquests problemes per tal de modelitzar-los i posteriorment s'han realitzat diverses simulacions per veure els seus efectes en una imatge. Diverses tècniques per a compensar aquests errors i millorar la qualitat de la imatge també s'han estudiat al llarg de la tesi. Per altra banda, dades reals d'un GB-SAR (SAR en una base terrestre) s'han reutilitzat per adaptar-les a una possible adquisició de llarga durada i veure així de forma experimental com afecta la llarga integració en les imatges i com millora l'enfocament després d'aplicar els algoritmes de compensació. Per últim, en la tesi es presenta un sistema receptor terrestre per a poder realitzar un anàlisi experimental del cas GEOSAR utilitzant un il·luminador d'oportunitat. Els primers passos en el disseny i la fabricació del hardware també es presenten en aquesta tesi.

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar
Author: Jianyu Yang
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2022-01-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128224606

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Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar covers bistatic SAR in a comprehensive way, presenting theory, method and techniques, as well as the most recent research and near-future applications. The book begins with imaging principles and characteristics of monostatic SAR, moving on to common and novel problems before presenting theories, methods and experimental system design. The title presents the design of experimental systems, research results and experimental verification. It gives key knowledge from a leading research group, including one of the earliest bistatic side-looking SAR experiments and the first bistatic forward-looking SAR experiment in the world that used two aircraft. Six chapters cover imaging theory, imaging algorithms, parameter estimation, motion compensation, synchronization and experimental verification. The book describes physical concepts simply and clearly and provides concise mathematical derivations. Presents comprehensive theory and methods for bistatic SAR, including the design of experimental systems and verification Considers different configurations, including translational variant bistatic SAR and bistatic forward-looking SAR Gives insights based on a world-leading research program into bistatic SAR, including practical tips on theory and method Covers novel experiments, including the first bistatic forward-looking SAR experiment using two aircraft Offers researchers clear descriptions of physical concepts and concise mathematical derivations to help master bistatic SAR

Bistatic SAR System and Signal Processing Technology

Bistatic SAR System and Signal Processing Technology
Author: Robert Wang
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2017-12-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811030782

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This book reports the latest results in the study of Bistatic/Multistatic SAR system and signal processing techniques. Novel research ideas and experimental verification have been collected on all kinds of configurations of Bistatic/Multistatic SAR system, including the preliminary construction of system model, imaging algorithm design, mission design and the corresponding application representations etc. Handy well-prepared tables are provided for readers’ quick-reference, and the practical design of an interferometric SAR system is illustrated step by step. The book will be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in Remote Sensing who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of Bistatic/Multistatic SAR system.

Advances in SAR: Sensors, Methodologies, and Applications

Advances in SAR: Sensors, Methodologies, and Applications
Author: Timo Balz
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 531
Release: 2018-10-22
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 3038971820

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in SAR: Sensors, Methodologies, and Applications" that was published in Remote Sensing

Proceedings of the 5th China High Resolution Earth Observation Conference (CHREOC 2018)

Proceedings of the 5th China High Resolution Earth Observation Conference (CHREOC 2018)
Author: Liheng Wang
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2019-03-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811365539

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This book is the proceedings of the 5th China High-resolution Earth Observation Conference (CHREOC). The series conference of China High Resolution Earth Observation has been becoming the influential academic event in the earth detection area, and attracting more and more top experts and industry users of related fields. The CHREOCs focus on the popular topics including military-civilian integration, the One Belt and One Road project, the transformation of scientific research achievements, and it also discusses the new ideas, new technologies, new methods, and new developments. The CHREOCs have effectively promoted high-level institutional mechanisms, technological innovation, and industrial upgrading in the high-resolution earth observation area, and arouse the influence of the national-sponsored major project. All papers in this proceeding are from the 5th CHREOC, and most authors are the researchers and experts participating the state major project CHEOS. The papers are the extraction of research results and reflect the technique level and research direction of the field high-resolution earth observation. All articles have gone through the scientific and strict reviews for several rounds by the experts from the related fields, and therefore reflect the research level and technology innovation of the high-resolution field earth observation. This proceedings will be an informative and valuable reference for both academic research and engineering practice.

Moon-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar

Moon-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar
Author: Zhen Xu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2024-06-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1040026753

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Lunar explorations have received increasing attention in recent years with tremendous application values, including using the Moon as a remote sensing platform for Earth observation. As an active sensor, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can detect changes in the atmosphere, terrain, and ocean. Moon-based SAR, complementary to the spaceborne SAR systems, expands our capabilities of watching and understanding the Earth. This book explains the Moon-Earth observation geometry, generic parameters, image focusing, and outlook using the Moon-based SAR. Written as a SAR imaging of Earth on the lunar-based platform, it makes it an essential reference to those interested in planetary and Earth sciences. FEATURES Uses the Moon as a remote sensing platform for Earth observation Explains how to obtain a high spatial resolution with a short revisit time using the Moon-based SAR Covers the observation geometry, range and signal models, two-dimensional signal spectrum, and focusing algorithms for the Moon-based SAR Presents a detailed analysis of sources of phase errors in the Moon-based SAR signal Includes global case studies and introduces conceptual ideas for further research This book is intended for senior graduate students, professional researchers, and engineers studying and working in the fields of lunar exploration and remote sensing applications, especially when dealing with high-orbit SAR studies.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Techniques and Applications

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Techniques and Applications
Author: Bovenga Fabio
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2020-06-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783039361229

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Because of its ability to sense the Earth's surface at night and during the day, under any weather condition, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a well-established and powerful remote sensing technology that is used worldwide for numerous applications. This book compiles 19 research works that investigate different aspects of SAR processing, SAR image analysis, and SAR applications. The contributions cover topics related to multi-angle/wide-angle SAR imaging; Doppler parameter estimation; data-driven focusing; Inverse SAR (ISAR) applied to pulsar signal modeling and detection; ground-based SAR; near-field interferometric ISAR; the interaction between SAR signals and the Infosphere; SAR interferometry for ground displacement monitoring, feature extraction, and change detection; and SAR-based sea applications. The selected studies represent real examples of the abundant research ongoing in the field of SAR processing and applications, and they further demonstrate that SAR imaging still presents considerable opportunities for future investigation.