Gender and Class in the Egyptian Women’s Movement, 1925-1939

Gender and Class in the Egyptian Women’s Movement, 1925-1939
Author: Cathlyn Mariscotti
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2008-10-31
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780815631705

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The women’s movement in Egypt has been heralded as improving the lives of women in Egypt and paving the way for women throughout the Arab world. As seen through the eyes of the university educated elite and middle class, this is no doubt true, yet such a narrow view fails to account for the diversity of women’s experience. In Changing Perspectives, Cathlyn Mariscotti provides a critical re-examination of the women’s movement, framing it within the broader economic and political movements occurring in Egypt and abroad. Her nuanced account unveils a rich, differentiated, and complex history of Egyptian women. Drawing upon published journal reports and newspaper articles, Mariscotti explores the tensions between upper class harem women and lower class women. Rather than a unified movement, the author describes the way in which elite feminism created a concept of womanhood that fed into the nationalist cultural ideal, one that was not necessarily progressive for all Egyptian women. Demonstrating active resistance, the non-elite women constructed a model of feminism in line with their own class position and political interests. Mariscotti’s reveals the tension in the movement through the profiles of From this class struggle, a unique, synthesized form of feminism emerged, infused with the politics and culture of Egypt at that time. Humanizing her analysis, the author profiles two outspoken and prominent women who symbolize the conflict: the university educated and wealthy Huda Sha’rawi and Munira Thabit who represented the working class women. The first book to emphasize the class conflict among women, this book makes an invaluable contribution to the fields of women’s studies and Middle East studies.

Consent and Resistance

Consent and Resistance
Author: Cathlyn Mariscotti
Publisher:
Total Pages: 302
Release: 1994
Genre: Egyptian literature
ISBN:

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Classes of Ladies

Classes of Ladies
Author: Marilyn Booth
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2015-01-20
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0748694870

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Zaynab Fawwaz (c.1860-1914) was a forceful voice in support of women's rights to education and work choices in colonial-era Egypt. This book explores the writing and influence of her landmark piece al-Durr al-manthur fi tabaqat rabbat al-khudur the first Arabic-language global biographical dictionary of women.

Feminists, Islam, and Nation

Feminists, Islam, and Nation
Author: Margot Badran
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1995-01-01
Genre:
ISBN: 9781400814985

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The emergence and evolution of Egyptian feminism is an integral, but previously untold, part of the history of modern Egypt. Drawing upon a wide range of women's sources - memoirs, letters, essays, journalistic articles, fiction, treatises, and extensive oral histories - Feminists, Islam, and Nation tells this story. Margot Badran shows how Egyptian women assumed agency and in so doing subverted and refigured the conventional patriarchal order. Unsettling a common claim that "feminism is Western" and dismantling the alleged opposition between feminism and Islam, the book demonstrates how the Egyptian feminist movement in the first half of this century both advanced the nationalist cause and worked within the parameters of Islam. Badran offers an innovative reinterpretation of modern Egyptian history by demonstrating the gendered nature of nationalist, Islamic, and imperialist discourses. The book shows how Egyptian women, attentive to the implications of gender, played vital roles, both as movement activists and everyday pioneers, in the construction of citizenship and the institutions of a modern state and civil society. Badran argues further that, of all the forces that shaped and reshaped modern Egypt, feminism constituted the most sustained critique - from within - of state and society. Feminists, Islam, and Nation not only expands our understanding of modern Egypt and our historical knowledge of feminist movements, but also contributes toward theorizing and further defining feminism.

Harem Years

Harem Years
Author: Huda Shaarawi
Publisher: The Feminist Press at CUNY
Total Pages: 173
Release: 2015-04-03
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1558619119

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A firsthand account of the private world of a harem in colonial Cairo—by a groundbreaking Egyptian feminist who helped liberate countless women. In this compelling memoir, Shaarawi recalls her childhood and early adult life in the seclusion of an upper-class Egyptian household, including her marriage at age thirteen. Her subsequent separation from her husband gave her time for an extended formal education, as well as an unexpected taste of independence. Shaarawi’s feminist activism grew, along with her involvement in Egypt’s nationalist struggle, culminating in 1923 when she publicly removed her veil in a Cairo railroad station, a daring act of defiance. In this fascinating account of a true original feminist, readers are offered a glimpse into a world rarely seen by westerners, and insight into a woman who would not be kept as property or a second-class citizen.

The Liberation of Women

The Liberation of Women
Author: Qāsim Amīn
Publisher: Amer Univ in Cairo Press
Total Pages: 106
Release: 1992
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9789774242809

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Qasim Amin (1863-1908), an Egyptian lawyer, is best known for his advocacy of women's emancipation in Egypt, through The Liberation of Women and other works. Starting from the premise that the liberation of women was an essential prerequisite for the liberation of Egyptian society from foreign domination, he used arguments based on Islam to call for an improvement in the status of women. His criticisms were aimed at the veil and the social seclusion of women, arranged marriages, polygamy, and divorce practices, and he insisted on education for women as the primary means to enable them to play a constructive role in society. It was The Liberation of Women which promoted the debate on the status of omen from a side issue to a major national concern. Although published almost a century ago, The Liberation of Women continues to be a source controversy and debate in the Arab world and is still a key work for understanding the feminist movement there.

Harem Years

Harem Years
Author: Huda Shaarawi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 158
Release: 1998
Genre: Feminists, Egypt, Biography
ISBN: 9789774244896

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Women in Ancient Egypt

Women in Ancient Egypt
Author: Barbara Watterson
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 201
Release: 1994
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780312123475

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"In ancient Egyptian society a woman was accorded legal rights equal to those of a man from the same social class and had the same expectation of a life after death." Women in Ancient Egypt is a detailed and fascinating study of the often overlooked contributions made by women of all classes to the political and social history of pharaonic Egypt, c. 3100 B.C. to 30 B.C. Using evidence gleaned from written records, monuments, sculpture, tomb-paintings and material found in tombs, including objects and human remains, the author has been able to build up an intriguing picture of the lives led by ancient Egyptian women throughout the pharaonic period. The types of occupations and careers open to women are described; as are their domestic and personal lives--marriage, health and childbirth; the family; household chores undertaken by women; and their clothing, jewellery and beauty preparations. The women whose lives are fleshed out in these pages are largely the "little people" of history, women who rarely exercised any power outside the home. In contrast, however, the final chapter deals with those women, surprisingly few in number, whose influence on the political affairs of their country was considerable and legendary. The book is supplemented by a collection of superb illustrations, a comprehensive bibliography and detailed references.

Resistance, Revolt, and Gender Justice in Egypt

Resistance, Revolt, and Gender Justice in Egypt
Author: Mariz Tadros
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016-05-18
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780815634614

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On December 20, 2011, Egyptian women of all ages and backgrounds—urban and rural, working class and upper class—came out in force to Cairo’s Tahrir Square in one of the largest uprisings in the country’s history. The demonstrators gathered as citizens and likewise as women demanding social change and the right to gender equality. The size and impact of that uprising underscore the vital importance of women activists to what became known as the Arab Spring. In Resistance, Revolt, and Gender Justice in Egypt, Tadros charts the arc of the Egyptian women’s movement, capturing the changing dynamics of gender activism over the course of two decades. She explores the interface between feminist movements, Islamist forces, and three regime ruptures in the battle over women’s status in Egyptian society and politics. Parsing the factors that contribute to the success and failure of activist movements, Tadros provides valuable insight on sustaining social change and a vitally important perspective on women’s evolving status in a contemporary authoritarian context.