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| Author | : Joseph Charalambos Glykys |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 300 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Adam C. Errington |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 301 |
| Release | : 2014-09-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 149391426X |
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
| Author | : Jeffrey Noebels |
| Publisher | : OUP USA |
| Total Pages | : 1258 |
| Release | : 2012-06-29 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0199746540 |
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
| Author | : Erin M. Elliott |
| Publisher | : Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Total Pages | : 346 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780612955202 |
Two forms of GABAergic inhibition exist in the brain: a persistent tonic and transient synaptic inhibition. Mammalian GABAA receptors are hetero-pentameric, ligand-gated, chloride channels assembled from a family of & ge;19 related subunits. To test the hypothesis that tonic current in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons is mediated by alpha5 subunit-containing GABA A receptors, we used an assortment of subunit-selective drugs. Previously, we showed that classical benzodiazepines enhance the tonic current. Here, we show that tonic conductance is modulated by the alpha5-selective negative modulator L-655,708 but not by the alpha5-sparing imidazopyridine, zolpidem. Moreover, beta2/3-selective positive allosteric modulators enhance the tonic current where delta-sensitive neurosteroids do not, suggesting that the alpha5 subunit assembles with beta2/3 and gamma subunits to form tonic GABA A receptor complexes in the hippocampus. Deletion of the alpha5 subunit results in a 75% reduction in tonic current. Thus, we attribute tonic inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal neurons to alpha5-containing GABA A receptors.
| Author | : Chikako Tanaka |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9783764352844 |
Highlighting the current developments and future directions in GABA research, the ambitious aim of this topical volume is to cover GABA from the molecular mechanisms of its transmission to new targets for pharmaceutical research. Distinguished scientists at the forefront of GABA research were invited to contribute reviews on glutamate decarboxylase and autoimmunity, molecular structure and functional regulation of GABA transporters, transmitter release and GABA receptor regulation, GABA receptor subtypes and functional regulation, and GABA receptor ligands and their therapeutic application. Describing the latest advances in what has become a rapidly-evolving field, this volume will prove immensely valuable to neuroscientists, pharmacologists, biochemists, and physiologists working in the field of GABA research.
| Author | : Valerie Bessy Caraiscos |
| Publisher | : Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Total Pages | : 490 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780612944480 |
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in mediating inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Several studies have shown that GABA mediates two distinct forms of inhibition: transient inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and tonic inhibition that is thought to be generated by extrasynaptic GABA type A (GABAA) receptors. Here, we demonstrate that the tonic form of inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal neurons is generated by a distinct subpopulation of GABAA receptors, specifically, alpha5 subunit-containing GABAA (alpha5GABAA) receptors that have different pharmacological and kinetic properties compared to postsynaptic receptors. Tonic GABAA receptors have alpha5beta2/3gamma2 pharmacological characteristics. alpha5GABAA receptors are well-suited to detect low, persistent, ambient concentrations of GABA in the extracellular space as they are highly sensitive to GABA and desensitize slowly. Several studies have shown that alpha5GABAA receptors are important in memory processes, as reduced expression or pharmacological inhibition is associated with improved memory performance. We examine the effects of low concentrations of the volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (ISO), on the tonic current and show that the alpha5 subunit is necessary for enhancement of the tonic conductance by low concentrations of ISO in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Studies of human recombinant GABAA receptors show that low concentrations of ISO potentiate GABA-evoked current mediated by alpha5beta3gamma2L but not alpha1beta3gamma2L receptors and that ISO is more efficacious at alpha5GABAA receptors. These studies provide the foundation for investigating an association between increased tonic GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus and the effects of anesthetics on memory.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 190 |
| Release | : 2012-12-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1464998876 |
GABA Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about GABA Receptors. The editors have built GABA Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about GABA Receptors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of GABA Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 91 |
| Release | : 2012-01-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1464932093 |
GABA Receptors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about GABA Receptors in a concise format. The editors have built GABA Receptors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about GABA Receptors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of GABA Receptors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
| Author | : Mark G. Darlison |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 2007-09-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540726020 |
Darlison’s excellent work reviews aspects of GABA-A receptor function, as well as the properties of a variety of other important inhibitory proteins, such as GABA-C receptors and G-protein coupled receptors including neuropeptides. Glycine receptors and potassium channels are covered too. The consequences of mutations that disrupt the regulation of excitatory neurotransmission, and efforts to target the GABAergic system for therapeutic benefit, are also discussed.
| Author | : Yogesh Dwivedi |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 485 |
| Release | : 2012-06-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 143983881X |
With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
