From a Geometrical Point of View

From a Geometrical Point of View
Author: Jean-Pierre Marquis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 316
Release: 2008-11-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402093845

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From a Geometrical Point of View explores historical and philosophical aspects of category theory, trying therewith to expose its significance in the mathematical landscape. The main thesis is that Klein’s Erlangen program in geometry is in fact a particular instance of a general and broad phenomenon revealed by category theory. The volume starts with Eilenberg and Mac Lane’s work in the early 1940’s and follows the major developments of the theory from this perspective. Particular attention is paid to the philosophical elements involved in this development. The book ends with a presentation of categorical logic, some of its results and its significance in the foundations of mathematics. From a Geometrical Point of View aims to provide its readers with a conceptual perspective on category theory and categorical logic, in order to gain insight into their role and nature in contemporary mathematics. It should be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, philosophers of mathematics and science in general, historians of contemporary mathematics, physicists and computer scientists.

Control Theory from the Geometric Viewpoint

Control Theory from the Geometric Viewpoint
Author: Andrei A. Agrachev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 415
Release: 2013-03-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662064049

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This book presents some facts and methods of the Mathematical Control Theory treated from the geometric point of view. The book is mainly based on graduate courses given by the first coauthor in the years 2000-2001 at the International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy. Mathematical prerequisites are reduced to standard courses of Analysis and Linear Algebra plus some basic Real and Functional Analysis. No preliminary knowledge of Control Theory or Differential Geometry is required. What this book is about? The classical deterministic physical world is described by smooth dynamical systems: the future in such a system is com pletely determined by the initial conditions. Moreover, the near future changes smoothly with the initial data. If we leave room for "free will" in this fatalistic world, then we come to control systems. We do so by allowing certain param eters of the dynamical system to change freely at every instant of time. That is what we routinely do in real life with our body, car, cooker, as well as with aircraft, technological processes etc. We try to control all these dynamical systems! Smooth dynamical systems are governed by differential equations. In this book we deal only with finite dimensional systems: they are governed by ordi nary differential equations on finite dimensional smooth manifolds. A control system for us is thus a family of ordinary differential equations. The family is parametrized by control parameters.

The Geometry of an Art

The Geometry of an Art
Author: Kirsti Andersen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 837
Release: 2008-11-23
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0387489460

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This review of literature on perspective constructions from the Renaissance through the 18th century covers 175 authors, emphasizing Peiro della Francesca, Guidobaldo del Monte, Simon Stevin, Brook Taylor, and Johann Heinrich. It treats such topics as the various methods of constructing perspective, the development of theories underlying the constructions, and the communication between mathematicians and artisans in these developments.

Advanced Calculus

Advanced Calculus
Author: James J. Callahan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 542
Release: 2010-09-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 144197332X

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With a fresh geometric approach that incorporates more than 250 illustrations, this textbook sets itself apart from all others in advanced calculus. Besides the classical capstones--the change of variables formula, implicit and inverse function theorems, the integral theorems of Gauss and Stokes--the text treats other important topics in differential analysis, such as Morse's lemma and the Poincaré lemma. The ideas behind most topics can be understood with just two or three variables. The book incorporates modern computational tools to give visualization real power. Using 2D and 3D graphics, the book offers new insights into fundamental elements of the calculus of differentiable maps. The geometric theme continues with an analysis of the physical meaning of the divergence and the curl at a level of detail not found in other advanced calculus books. This is a textbook for undergraduates and graduate students in mathematics, the physical sciences, and economics. Prerequisites are an introduction to linear algebra and multivariable calculus. There is enough material for a year-long course on advanced calculus and for a variety of semester courses--including topics in geometry. The measured pace of the book, with its extensive examples and illustrations, make it especially suitable for independent study.

Group Theory From A Geometrical Viewpoint

Group Theory From A Geometrical Viewpoint
Author: Alberto Verjovski
Publisher: #N/A
Total Pages: 744
Release: 1991-08-12
Genre:
ISBN: 981456964X

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This proceedings presents the latest research materials done on group theory from geometrical viewpoint in particular Gromov's theory of hyperbolic groups, Coxeter groups, Tits buildings and actions on real trees. All these are very active subjects.

New Foundations for Physical Geometry

New Foundations for Physical Geometry
Author: Tim Maudlin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2014-02
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0198701306

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Tim Maudlin sets out a completely new method for describing the geometrical structure of spaces, and thus a better mathematical tool for describing and understanding space-time. He presents a historical review of the development of geometry and topology, and then his original Theory of Linear Structures.

The Geometry of Special Relativity

The Geometry of Special Relativity
Author: Tevian Dray
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 151
Release: 2012-07-02
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1466510471

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The Geometry of Special Relativity provides an introduction to special relativity that encourages readers to see beyond the formulas to the deeper geometric structure. The text treats the geometry of hyperbolas as the key to understanding special relativity. This approach replaces the ubiquitous γ symbol of most standard treatments with the appropriate hyperbolic trigonometric functions. In most cases, this not only simplifies the appearance of the formulas, but also emphasizes their geometric content in such a way as to make them almost obvious. Furthermore, many important relations, including the famous relativistic addition formula for velocities, follow directly from the appropriate trigonometric addition formulas. The book first describes the basic physics of special relativity to set the stage for the geometric treatment that follows. It then reviews properties of ordinary two-dimensional Euclidean space, expressed in terms of the usual circular trigonometric functions, before presenting a similar treatment of two-dimensional Minkowski space, expressed in terms of hyperbolic trigonometric functions. After covering special relativity again from the geometric point of view, the text discusses standard paradoxes, applications to relativistic mechanics, the relativistic unification of electricity and magnetism, and further steps leading to Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The book also briefly describes the further steps leading to Einstein’s general theory of relativity and then explores applications of hyperbola geometry to non-Euclidean geometry and calculus, including a geometric construction of the derivatives of trigonometric functions and the exponential function.

Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision

Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision
Author: Richard Hartley
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 676
Release: 2004-03-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1139449141

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A basic problem in computer vision is to understand the structure of a real world scene given several images of it. Techniques for solving this problem are taken from projective geometry and photogrammetry. Here, the authors cover the geometric principles and their algebraic representation in terms of camera projection matrices, the fundamental matrix and the trifocal tensor. The theory and methods of computation of these entities are discussed with real examples, as is their use in the reconstruction of scenes from multiple images. The new edition features an extended introduction covering the key ideas in the book (which itself has been updated with additional examples and appendices) and significant new results which have appeared since the first edition. Comprehensive background material is provided, so readers familiar with linear algebra and basic numerical methods can understand the projective geometry and estimation algorithms presented, and implement the algorithms directly from the book.

The Four Pillars of Geometry

The Four Pillars of Geometry
Author: John Stillwell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2005-08-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0387255303

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This book is unique in that it looks at geometry from 4 different viewpoints - Euclid-style axioms, linear algebra, projective geometry, and groups and their invariants Approach makes the subject accessible to readers of all mathematical tastes, from the visual to the algebraic Abundantly supplemented with figures and exercises

Geometrical Methods in the Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations

Geometrical Methods in the Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations
Author: V.I. Arnold
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 366
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1461210372

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Since the first edition of this book, geometrical methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations have become very popular and some progress has been made partly with the help of computers. Much of this progress is represented in this revised, expanded edition, including such topics as the Feigenbaum universality of period doubling, the Zoladec solution, the Iljashenko proof, the Ecalle and Voronin theory, the Varchenko and Hovanski theorems, and the Neistadt theory. In the selection of material for this book, the author explains basic ideas and methods applicable to the study of differential equations. Special efforts were made to keep the basic ideas free from excessive technicalities. Thus the most fundamental questions are considered in great detail, while of the more special and difficult parts of the theory have the character of a survey. Consequently, the reader needs only a general mathematical knowledge to easily follow this text. It is directed to mathematicians, as well as all users of the theory of differential equations.