Plans de prévention des risques naturels (PPR), Risques d'incendies de forêt

Plans de prévention des risques naturels (PPR), Risques d'incendies de forêt
Author: Ministère de l'Equipement,
Publisher:
Total Pages: 86
Release: 2002
Genre:
ISBN: 9782110050359

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Les incendies de forêt sont responsables chaque année de dégâts très importants. Ils affectent surtout le sud de la France et plus particulièrement les départements du bassin méditerranéen et du sud-ouest. L'urbanisation diffuse des zones forestières s'est accrue depuis quelques dizaines d'années et a entraîné une forte augmentation du nombre de départ de feux. Elle contraint les services mobilisés dans la lutte à défendre les habitations menacées, diminuant d'autant leur capacité à enrayer , la progression du feu. Pour améliorer la prévention du risque d'incendie de forêts, la loi d'orientation forestière du 9 juillet 2001 a renforcé les dispositions relatives à la réglementation de l'usage du feu et l'entretien des massifs forestiers. Elle a également prévu la détermination des massifs prioritaires par l'élaboration des plans départementaux de protection de la forêt contre l'incendie. Les plans de prévention des risques naturels institués par l'article L. 562-1 du code de l'environnement (décret d'application du 5 octobre 1995) et élaborés sous l'autorité du préfet de département, s'inscrivent au sein du dispositif de prévention des incendies de forêts. Pour aider les services de l'Etat dans l'élaboration de ces plans, la direction générale de l'urbanisme, de l'habitat et de la construction, la direction de la prévention des pollutions et des risques, la direction de la défense et de la sécurité civiles et la direction de l'espace rural et de la forêt se sont associées pour rédiger ce guide méthodologique. Le guide présente les méthodes et moyens d'analyse des phénomènes naturels, de cartographie des aléas et d'évaluation des enjeux, et propose des recommandations pour établir le zonage et les prescriptions réglementaires. Ce guide s'adresse également aux collectivités locales qui doivent intégrer le risque dans les documents d'urbanisme, aux spécialistes qui seront chargés des études techniques, et plus largement à ceux, associations, particuliers, entreprises, etc. qui souhaitent comprendre comment les incendies de forêts peuvent être pris en compte dans l'aménagement.

The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction

The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction
Author: Fabrice G. Renaud
Publisher: United Nations University Press
Total Pages: 522
Release: 2013
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9280812211

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The uptake of ecosystem-based approaches for disaster risk reduction (DRR) is slow, however, despite some success stories. There are multiple reasons for this reluctance: ecosystem management is rarely considered as part of the portfolio of DRR solutions because the environmental and disaster management communities typically work independently from each other; its contribution to DRR is highly undervalued compared to engineered solutions and therefore not given appropriate budget allocations; and there are poor interactions between policymakers and researchers, leading to unclear and sometimes contradictory scientific information on the role of ecosystems for DRR. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of knowledge and practice in this multidisciplinary field of ecosystems management and DRR. The contributors, professionals from the science and disaster management communities around the world, represent state-of-the-art knowledge, practices, and perspectives on the topic.

Eco- and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability

Eco- and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability
Author: A. Stokes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2007-04-10
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1402055935

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This volume brings together papers from geotechnical and civil engineers, biologists, ecologists and foresters. They discuss current problems in slope stability research and how to address them using ground bio- and eco-engineering techniques. Coverage presents studies by scientists and practitioners on slope instability, erosion, soil hydrology, mountain ecology, land use and restoration and how to mitigate these problems using vegetation.

Forestry and the Forest Industries: Past and Future

Forestry and the Forest Industries: Past and Future
Author: E.G. Richards
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 438
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9400936699

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In analysing the development and achievements of Polish forestry and forest industries over the last four decades, it is necessary to take into consideration the situation prevailing after the end of the Second World War, when these sectors of the national economy were starting their activities. First of all, it is necessary to consider the effects of the war such as: (a) the harvesting from the forests of the present Polish territory of 3 about 200 million m of merchantable wood, which is equal to the normal harvest over a l2-year period; (b) the destruction of over half the woodworking industrial potential. In consequence, the forested area inside the new Polish boundaries amounted 40 years ago only to 20.8 per cent of the whole area of the country. There has been a continuing process of increasing the forested area of the country (although at a diminishing rate). In 1986 the forest area amounted to 27.7 per cent of the land surface, that is to 8.7 million ha, an increase of over 2 million ha in 40 years. Intensive afforestation, performed regardless of the ownership category of the land by the State forest service, was aimed primarily at making good the losses in the forested area and the rational use of land not fit for agricultural purposes.

Spatial Management of Risks

Spatial Management of Risks
Author: Gerard Brugnot
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 285
Release: 2013-03-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118623312

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Spatial analysis is an increasingly important tool for detecting and preventing numerous risk and crisis phenomena such as floods in a geographical area. This book concentrates on examples of prevention but also gives crisis control advice and practical case studies. Some chapters address urban applications in which vulnerabilities are concentrated in area; others address more rural areas with more scattered phenomena.

The protective functions of forests in a changing climate - European experience

The protective functions of forests in a changing climate - European experience
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 144
Release: 2021-10-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9251343179

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The objective of this publication is to present the policy and management approach of each member country on its protective forests. The goal of the member countries is to increase the resilience of mountain forests and ensure the sustainability of their protective functions for society. Each country report covers the following topics: 1) definition of protective forests; 2) characteristics of the national protective forest system; 3) challenges encountered in the management and strengthening of protective forests, including climate change impacts; 4) governance of the protective forest system; and 5) monitoring and planning systems for protective forests. Countries have defined, characterized, and identified challenges inherent to their protective forests, and it is through their appropriate governance, management and planning that the forests are able to provide ecosystem services in a sustainable way. In the context of a changing climate, the approach has to be revisited and adapted to novel and increasingly more uncertain conditions. This review of reports from 12 countries shows that especially mountain regions in Europe are facing common challenges and that different approaches can be learnt from each another. We hope that this report may provide a basis for further actions in transboundary and international cooperation for maintaining and enhancing protective forests.

Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials / Comportement Des Sols Et Des Roches Tendres

Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials / Comportement Des Sols Et Des Roches Tendres
Author: H. Di Benedetto
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 1460
Release: 2003-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780415889209

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The main themes of this conference are experimental investigations into deformation properties - from very small strains to beyond failure, laboratory, in-situ and field observation interpretations, and behaviour characterization and modelling. Emphasis is placed on exploring recent investigations into time-related stresses, and on applying advanced geotechnical testing to real engineering problems.

Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management

Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management
Author: Robert John Raison
Publisher: CABI
Total Pages: 490
Release: 2001
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9780851998923

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There is increasing pressure on the forestry industry to adopt sustainable practices, but a lack of knowledge about how to facilitate this, and how to measure sustainability. This book reviews current thinking about scientifically based indicators, and sustainable management of natural forests and plantations. Information is applicable to boreal, temperate and tropical biomes. The contents have been developed from papers presented at a IUFRO conference held in Australia, in order to develop a state-of the art report on this subject.

Restoring Floodplains in Europe

Restoring Floodplains in Europe
Author: Timothy Moss
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Total Pages: 381
Release: 2008-02-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1843390906

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This book addresses the complex institutional dimensions to restoring floodplains. Despite the recent surge of interest in restoring floodplains among policy and research circles, as well as in the public domain, very few schemes for restoring functional floodplains have been put into practice in Europe to date. The book explores the reasons behind this discrepancy between interest and applications with an original, comparative analysis of the institutional drivers and constraints of floodplain restoration in Europe. It explains why so few projects have been successfully implemented, how recent policy shifts are creating new opportunities for floodplain restoration and what lessons for policy development and project management can be drawn from in-depth analysis of past and present schemes. At a time of rapidly growing interest in restoring floodplains as an important component of efforts to improve flood protection, enhance riparian habitats, strengthen catchment management, raise water quality and pursue integrated rural development, the book critically appraises the relationship between macro-level policy development and enforcement and micro-level project design and implementation. The book begins with two chapters setting out the case for floodplain restoration and assessing the relevant drivers and constraints of EU policy. The next three chapters analyse the policy contexts of floodplain restoration in France, Germany and Britain, addressing the principal drivers and constraints in the fields of water management, flood protection, nature conservation, spatial planning and agriculture. This is followed by six case studies of schemes to restore floodplains, divided between early schemes of the mid-1990s (Rheinvorland-Sud on the Upper Rhine, Bourret on the Garonne and the Long Eau project in England) and ongoing schemes of today (Lenzen on the Elbe, La Basse on the Seine and the Parrett Catchment Project). The book concludes by drawing lessons from the principal findings and providing recommendations for ways of developing policy and designing projects for restoring floodplains in the future.