Fourteen drainage basins above Fishtrap and Dewey Lakes, and ranging in size from 1.68 to 297 sq mi in eastern Kentucky and southeastern Virginia were studied to determine origin and magnitudes of sediment. Sediment yields from surface-mined area ranged from 2,890 to 21,000 tons/sq mi/yr, and from 732 to 3,470 tons/sq mi/yr from non-strip-mined areas. Water and sediment discharge from storms on surface-mined areas are similar to data from an earlier study in the Beaver Creek basin of Kentucky. Aerial photos are used to compare areas disturbed by surface and deep mining. Deposition rates and trap-efficiency figures are given. Chemical-quality studies indicate that man's activities have altered chemical quality of the water in Levisa Fork but not greatly affected the chemical quality of the water in Johns Creek basin. (Author).