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| Author | : Stuart Clarke |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Randolph Taylor Williams |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 182 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Faults zones are three-dimensional structures that separate distinct hanging wall and footwall lithologic units and commonly exhibit mechanical and hydrological properties distinct from protolith. As such, they exert a fundamental control on a wide variety of societally relevant geological processes, from the transport and/or trapping of ore-bearing fluids and hydrocarbons to the generation of earthquakes. Fluids commonly mediate the structural development of fault zones, particularly through physical and chemical alteration of fault rocks during diagenesis and mechanical processes such as hydrofracturing. Collectively, these processes can lead to substantial variations in fault hydromechanical properties and thereby a fault zone's response to later fault slip and fluid flow events. Very little previous research has attempted to provide a holistic examination of this interplay between faults and fluids in the crust, which requires recognizing and exploring the relationship between tectonics, fault rock mechanics, fluids, and diagenesis. This dissertation attempts to fill this gap in our knowledge by examining fluid-fault interactions in the Rio Grande rift of New Mexico. Chapter 1 describes the results of research that utilized calcite cements in fault damage zones as a geochemical record of fluid source to evaluate tectonic controls on fluid migration during the development of the Rio Grande rift. These data show that the distribution of faults, bedrock, and syntectonic sediments of varying hydrological and mechanical properties results in a predictable spatial and temporal distribution of fault-zone fluid flow pathways during basin extension. Chapter 2 evaluates the role of syntectonic calcite cementation in the development of fault-zone architecture and permeability structure in the Loma Blanca fault zone, Socorro Basin, NM. It additionally demonstrates that cementation and proximity to zones of structural complexity such as fault relays exert a profound impact on the location and magnitude of fluid flow over time within developing normal fault systems. Chapter 3 presents U-Th geochronology and stable isotope data from syntectonic calcite veins in the Loma Blanca fault zone which constrain earthquake recurrence intervals over >400 ka. These data provide a critical first test of competing earthquake frequency models for intraplate faults.
| Author | : Andrew Jan Buckminster Cohen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 342 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : S. J. Jolley |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
| Total Pages | : 508 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9781862392410 |
| Author | : Silvia Sosio de Rosa |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Fault zones are mechanical and hydrological heterogeneities in Earth's upper crust, however, the internal properties that cause heterogeneity, their three-dimensional variations, and the fundamental processes that lead to these variations are poorly understood. The hydraulic behaviour of faults at depth plays an important role in the exploration and production of hydrocarbons, as in several other subsurface engineering applications. Faults can act as conduits, barriers and combined conduit-barrier systems to fluid flow, depending on their petrophysical properties, on their internal structure and stress state. The degree to which a fault will impede fluid flow is only as great as its most permeable point. Producing reliable predictions of cross-fault and up-fault fluid flow requires an understanding of the processes that determine areas of the fault surface containing transmissible fault rocks. A field site in Miri, Jalan Mukag outcrop, was selected because it offers excellent 3D outcrops of normal faults in soft siliciclastic sediments, and gives the opportunity to investigate fault architecture both along-strike and down-dip. Weak-seal areas for cross-fault fluid flow along the fault zone exposures are identified combining detailed mapping of the fault zone architecture, analyses of the fault rock facies and geostatistical characterization (variograms) of variation in along-strike fault-core thickness. Processes that express the accumulation of of strain in the fault core (slip surfaces, boudinage and grain-scale mixing) are analysed because of their implications in terms of cross-fault fluid flow. The interaction between these processes in the fault core may or may not lead to complete mesoscale and grain-scale mixing, thus potentially induce changes in the capillary entry pressure of the fault rocks. Deformation mechanisms and geochemical processes that affect the fault zone are identified through petrographic, microstructural and mineralogical analysis,and they are used to infer along-fault fluid flow history and implications for cross-fault fluid flow.
| Author | : Xiaorong Luo |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 399 |
| Release | : 2023-03-03 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811955344 |
This book presents the authors' research findings on the dynamics of oil migration, research methodologies, insights and applications in petroliferous basins. It studies the behaviors of oil migration in porous media through physical experiments and numerical simulations, explores the mechanism of oil migration and effects of migration process, and then establishes a migration modeling method by coupling the source, driving forces and carriers. The new method can be used to estimate the amount of migrated hydrocarbons and then predict the location of possible hydrocarbon accumulations in different parts of a basin. This approach is useful for resources assessment and prediction of the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations. An example utilizing this methodology is presented to study the dynamics of migration and accumulation processes in the southern slope of Dongying Depression in Bohai Bay Basin in China. The book appeals to scientists and professionals working on petroleum prospecting as well as faculty and students in petroleum geology.
| Author | : Susanne Janita Henriët Buiter |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
| Total Pages | : 462 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781862391918 |
The crust of the Earth records the deformational processes of the inner Earth and the influence of the overlying atmosphere. The state of the Earth's crust at any time is therefore the result of internal and external processes, which occur on different time and spatial scales. In recent years important steps forward in the understanding of such complex processes have been made by integrating theory and observations with experimental and computer models. This volume presents state-of-the-art analogue and numerical models of processes that alter the Earth's crust. It shows the application of models in a broad range of geological problems with careful documentation of the modelling approach used. This volume contains contributions on analogue and numerical sandbox models, models of orogenic processes, models of sedimentary basins, models of surface processes and deformation, and models of faults and fluid flow.
| Author | : G. Jones |
| Publisher | : Geological Society Publishing House |
| Total Pages | : 358 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Annotation "Compared with many other areas of the petroleum geosciences, studies of the structural controls on fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs are in their infancy. As hydrocarbon reserves have become depleted and the oil industry has become more competitive, the need to cut costs by optimizing production and predicting the occurrence of subtle traps has highlighted the importance of information on the way in which faults and fractures affect fluid flow. Structural geologists are now having to provide answers to questions such as: Are hydrocarbons likely to have migrated into (or out of) the trap? What is the likely height of hydrocarbons that a fault can support? Is it likely that compartments which have not been produced exist within a field and will therefore require further drilling?" "This volume aims to find answers to these questions."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
| Author | : Adam Robinson |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9781862392663 |
The 3D geological model is still regarded as one of the newest and most innovative tools for reservoir management purposes. The computer modelling of structures, rock properties and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs has evolved from a specialist activity to part of the standard desktop toolkit. The application of these techniques has allowed all disciplines of the subsurface team to collaborate in a common workspace. In today's asset teams, the role of the geological model in hydrocarbon development planning is key and will be for some time ahead. The challenges that face the geologists and engineers will be to provide more seamless interaction between static and dynamic models. This interaction requires the development of conventional and unconventional modelling algorithms and methodologies in order to provide more risk-assessed scenarios, thus enabling geologists and engineers to better understand and capture inherent uncertainties at each aspect of the geological model's life.
| Author | : F.L. Richards |
| Publisher | : Geological Society of London |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2015-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1862397309 |
The practical application of structural geology in industry is varied and diverse; it is relevant at all scales, from plate-wide screening of new exploration areas down to fluid-flow behaviour along individual fractures. From an industry perspective, good structural practice is essential since it feeds into the quantification and recovery of reserves and ultimately underpins commercial investment choices. Many of the fundamental structural principles and techniques used by industry can be traced back to the academic community, and this volume aims to provide insights into how structural theory translates into industry practice. Papers in this publication describe case studies and workflows that demonstrate applied structural geology, covering a spread of topics including trap definition, fault seal, fold-and-thrust belts, fractured reservoirs, fluid flow and geomechanics. Against a background of evolving ideas, new data types and advancing computational tools, the volume highlights the need for structural geologists to constantly re-evaluate the role they play in solving industrial challenges.
