Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries and Small States: Do Country Size and Income Level Matter?

Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries and Small States: Do Country Size and Income Level Matter?
Author: Dongyeol Lee
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2019-05-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498315658

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Export structure is less diversified in low-income countries (LICs) and especially small states that face resource constraints and small economic size. This paper explores the potential linkages between export structure and economic growth and its volatility in LICs and small states, using a range of indices of export concentration differing in the coverage of industries. The empirical analysis finds that export diversification may promote economic growth and reduce economic volatility in these countries. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that the economic benefits of export diversification differ by country size and income level—there are bigger benefits for relatively larger and poorer countries within the group of LICs and small states.

Product Standards, Exports and Employment

Product Standards, Exports and Employment
Author: Rajat Acharyya
Publisher: Physica
Total Pages: 149
Release: 2009-09-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9783790822083

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Through the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int- dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover, whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than development of software packages, in India and assembly line for automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries, but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall productivity level and product diversification.

Export Product Quality, Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Production

Export Product Quality, Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Production
Author: Umer Shahzad
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 518
Release: 2023-09-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2832534872

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Economic development has long been acknowledged for its beneficial effects on human well-being. In the context of economic globalization and vertical specialization, increasing the quality of export products is more critical and necessary to export success and sustainable development. The product's quality is inextricably linked to its manufacture and production, which need various types of energy and raw materials. Meanwhile, the adoption of more environmentally friendly and cleaner energy sources contributes to the achievement of sustainable production. Therefore, product quality may provide a new perspective from which to investigate the systematic relationship between greener and renewable energy sources, sustainable production and environmental regulations, as well as the nature of export competitiveness. Generally, export product quality has referred to the quality of manufactured products within the product lines. Quality refers to the relative price of a country's varieties within their respective product lines. Product sophistication assesses the composition of the aggregate exports. Different varieties of same product as per quality level are being produced by several developing and emerging economies. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world's benchmark; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth.

Shifting Patterns of Comparative Advantage: Manfactured Exports of Developing Countries

Shifting Patterns of Comparative Advantage: Manfactured Exports of Developing Countries
Author: Alexander J. Yeats
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 60
Release: 1989
Genre: Comparative advantage (International trade)
ISBN:

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Labor -intensive goods are the developing countries' strongest export items -- and the United States is the chief import market for these goods. What's more, the industrial countries can expect increasing competition in the 1990s in clothing, footwear, leather products, wood manufactures, and some primary metal manufactures.

Innovative Economic, Social, and Environmental Practices for Progressing Future Sustainability

Innovative Economic, Social, and Environmental Practices for Progressing Future Sustainability
Author: Goi, Chai Lee
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 389
Release: 2022-05-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1799895920

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The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. Sustainable development is a long-term solution to how we plan our indefinite progress in the future, and the concept covers a broad scope of environmental, social, and economic developments. Sustainable development is the ideal vision of the future and requires further study and consideration. Innovative Economic, Social, and Environmental Practices for Progressing Future Sustainability explores the current practices in economic, social, and environmental sustainable development. Covering topics such as digital economies, community development, and equality, this reference work is ideal for academicians, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, government officials, decision makers, instructors, and students.

Does What You Export Matter?

Does What You Export Matter?
Author: Daniel Lederman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2012-06-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0821384910

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Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge

Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0821368958

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This book responds to the challenge of providing a comprehensive account of quality systems for private sector development: what works and what doesnt on the ground, and why. This volume provides a thorough analysis of the diversity of institutions, linkages, and arrangements involved in quality systems, identifying success factors in countries quality strategies. It explains why quality and standards matter for export growth, for productivity, for industrial upgrading, and for diffusion of innovation, all central ingredients in improving economic growth and generating real gains in poverty reduction. It provides a detailed blue print for implementing effective National Quality Systems. Quality and Standards Matter is a valuable tool for policymakers confronted with the challenges of building trade competitiveness in the new global economy.

Unlocking Trade Opportunities

Unlocking Trade Opportunities
Author: International Institute for Environment and Development
Publisher: IIED
Total Pages: 68
Release: 1997
Genre: Consumption (Economics)
ISBN: 1899825606

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World Development Report 2020

World Development Report 2020
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 511
Release: 2019-11-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464814953

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Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.