Evidence for Collectivity in Pp Collisions at the LHC.

Evidence for Collectivity in Pp Collisions at the LHC.
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Release: 2016
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Measurements of two- and multi-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 5, 7, and 13 TeV are presented as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. The data, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0 inverse picobarns (5 TeV), 6.2 inverse picobarns (7 TeV), and 0.7 inverse picobarns (13 TeV), were collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The second-order (v[2]) and third-order (v[3]) azimuthal anisotropy harmonics of unidentified charged particles, as well as v[2] of K0 short and Lambda/anti-Lambda particles, are extracted from long-range two-particle correlations as functions of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum. For high-multiplicity pp events, a mass ordering is observed for the v[2] values of charged hadrons (mostly pions), K0 short, and Lambda/anti-Lambda, with lighter particle species exhibiting a stronger azimuthal anisotropy signal below pt~2 GeV/c. For 13 TeV data, the v[2] signals are also extracted from four- and six-particle correlations for the first time in pp collisions, with comparable magnitude to those from two-particle correlations. These observations are similar to those seen in pPb and PbPb collisions, and support the interpretation of a collective origin for the observed long-range correlations in high-multiplicity pp collisions.

Multiple Parton Interactions at the LHC

Multiple Parton Interactions at the LHC
Author: Paolo Bartalini
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2018-11-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 981322777X

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Many high-energy collider experiments (including the current Large Hadron Collider at CERN) involve the collision of hadrons. Hadrons are composite particles consisting of partons (quarks and gluons), and this means that in any hadron–hadron collision there will typically be multiple collisions of the constituents — i.e. multiple parton interactions (MPI). Understanding the nature of the MPI is important in terms of searching for new physics in the products of the scatters, and also in its own right to gain a greater understanding of hadron structure. This book aims at providing a pedagogical introduction and a comprehensive review of different research lines linked by an involvement of MPI phenomena. It is written by pioneers as well as young leading scientists, and reviews both experimental findings and theoretical developments, discussing also the remaining open issues.

Evidence for Collective Multiparticle Correlations in P-Pb Collisions

Evidence for Collective Multiparticle Correlations in P-Pb Collisions
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Total Pages: 17
Release: 2015
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The second-order azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics, v2, are obtained in p-Pb and PbPb collisions over a wide pseudorapidity ([eta]) range based on correlations among six or more charged particles. The p-Pb data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 nb-1, were collected during the 2013 LHC p-Pb run at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV by the CMS experiment. A sample of semiperipheral PbPb collision data at √sNN=2.76 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.5 [mu]b-1 and covering a similar range of particle multiplicities as the p-Pb data, is also analyzed for comparison. The six- and eight-particle cumulant and the Lee-Yang zeros methods are used to extract the v2 coefficients, extending previous studies of two- and four-particle correlations. For both the p-Pb and PbPb systems, the v2 values obtained with correlations among more than four particles are consistent with previously published four-particle results. These data support the interpretation of a collective origin for the previously observed long-range (large [Delta][eta]) correlations in both systems. The ratios of v2 values corresponding to correlations including different numbers of particles are compared to theoretical predictions that assume a hydrodynamic behavior of a p-Pb system dominated by fluctuations in the positions of participant nucleons. These results provide new insights into the multiparticle dynamics of collision systems with a very small overlapping region.

Strange and Non-Strange D-meson Production in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC

Strange and Non-Strange D-meson Production in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Author: Fabrizio Grosa
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2021-04-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030711315

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This thesis provides a comprehensive view of the physics of charmed hadrons in high-energy proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. Given their large masses, charm quarks are produced in the early stage of a heavy-ion collision and they subsequently experience the full system evolution probing the colour-deconfined medium called quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in such collisions. In this thesis, the mechanisms of charm-quark in-medium energy loss and hadronisation are discussed via the measurements of the production of charm mesons with (Ds+) and without (D+) strange-quark content in different colliding systems, using data collected by the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The participation of the charm quark and its possible thermalisation in the QGP are studied via measurements of azimuthal anisotropies in the production of D+ mesons. Finally, the prospects for future measurements with the upgraded ALICE experimental apparatus and with more refined machine learning techniques are presented.

Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium

Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium
Author: Paul Romatschke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 207
Release: 2019-05-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1108579353

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The past decade has seen unprecedented developments in the understanding of relativistic fluid dynamics in and out of equilibrium, with connections to astrophysics, cosmology, string theory, quantum information, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. Romatschke and Romatschke offer a powerful new framework for fluid dynamics, exploring its connections to kinetic theory, gauge/gravity duality and thermal quantum field theory. Numerical algorithms to solve the equations of motion of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics as well as applications to various systems are discussed. In particular, the book contains a comprehensive review of the theory background necessary to apply fluid dynamics to simulate relativistic nuclear collisions, including comparisons of fluid simulation results to experimental data for relativistic lead-lead, proton-lead and proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The book is an excellent resource for students and researchers working in nuclear physics, astrophysics, cosmology, quantum many-body systems and string theory.

Lepton Photon Interactions At High Energies (Lepton Photon 2017) - Proceedings Of The 28th International Symposium

Lepton Photon Interactions At High Energies (Lepton Photon 2017) - Proceedings Of The 28th International Symposium
Author: Wang Wei
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 576
Release: 2020-02-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811207410

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The latest of the 'Lepton Photon' symposium, one of the well-established series of meetings in the high-energy physics community, was successfully organized at the South Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, from August 7-12, 2017, where physicists around the world gathered to discuss the latest advancements in the research field.This proceedings volume of the Lepton Photon 2017 collects contributions by the plenary session speakers and the posters' presenters, which cover the latest results in particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and plans for future facilities.

The XVIII International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)

The XVIII International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)
Author: Domenico Elia
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 568
Release: 2020-10-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030534480

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This book focuses on new experimental and theoretical advances concerning the role of strange and heavy-flavour quarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and in astrophysical phenomena. The topics covered include • Strangeness and heavy-quark production in nuclear collisions and hadronic interactions, • Hadron resonances in the strongly-coupled partonic and hadronic medium, • Bulk matter phenomena associated with strange and heavy quarks, • QCD phase structure, • Collectivity in small systems, • Strangeness in astrophysics,• Open questions and new developments.

Studies of Two Particle Correlation Functions and Photon-tagged Jet Fragmentation in PbPb and Pp Collisions with CMS at the LHC

Studies of Two Particle Correlation Functions and Photon-tagged Jet Fragmentation in PbPb and Pp Collisions with CMS at the LHC
Author: Dragos Alexandru Velicanu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 113
Release: 2017
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ISBN:

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This thesis studies of two particle correlations in proton-proton (pp), proton-lead (pPb), and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions, as well as jet fragmentation functions for jets paired with an isolated prompt photon in pp and PbPb collisions to better understand matter in a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) state. The correlation studies measure the precise hydrodynamic behavior of PbPb collisions through a Fourier analysis of charged particles emitted from the QGP and show unexpectedly strong collective behavior in high multiplicity pp and pPb collisions. The photon-tagged jet studies provide tight constraints for understanding the interactions between the jet and the Quark Gluon Plasma it traverses by both measuring the jet substructure properties via the fragmentation function, and having a sample of jets unbiased by the interactions we are trying to probe by selecting high energy photon events. These analyses are performed using data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from PbPb, pPb, and pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon-nucleon pair, as well as 2.76 TeV PbPb collisions and 7 TeV pp collisions in the correlation analyses.

Evidence of W?? Production in Pp Collisions at S

Evidence of W?? Production in Pp Collisions at S
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Release: 2015
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Here we report evidence of triple gauge boson production pp→W(l?)??+X, which is accessible for the first time with the 8 TeV LHC data set. The fiducial cross section for this process is measured in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1, collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012. Events are selected using the W boson decay to e? or ?? as well as requiring two isolated photons. The measured cross section is used to set limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the high diphoton mass region.