Environmental Taxes Inefficient Subsidies And Income Distribution In Chile
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Author | : Raúl O'Ryan |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 60 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Environmental impact charges |
ISBN | : |
Download Environmental Taxes, Inefficient Subsidies and Income Distribution in Chile Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Johnstone Nick |
Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
Total Pages | : 336 |
Release | : 2006-02-23 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9264066136 |
Download The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.
Author | : Miria A. Pigato |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 240 |
Release | : 2018-12-31 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781464813580 |
Download Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Author | : Mr.Benedict J. Clements |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 390 |
Release | : 2013-09-13 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484339169 |
Download Energy Subsidy Reform Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Author | : Samuel Pienknagura |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 52 |
Release | : 2021-09-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 151359611X |
Download Assessing Chile's Pension System: Challenges and Reform Options Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Chile’s pension system came under close scrutiny in recent years. This paper takes stock of the adequacy of the system and highlights its challenges. Chile’s defined contribution system was quite influential when introduced, and was taken as an example by other countries. However, it is now delivering low replacement rates relative to OECD peers, as its parameters did not adapt over time to changing demographics and global returns, while informality persists in the labor market. In the absence of reforms, the system’s inability to deliver adequate outcomes for a large share of participants will continue to magnify, as demographic trends and low global interest rates will continue to reduce replacement rates. In addition, recent legislation allowing for pension savings withdrawals to counter the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, is projected to further reduce replacement rates and increase fiscal costs. A substantial improvement in replacement rates is feasible, via a reform that raises contribution rates and the retirement age, coupled with policies that increases workers’ contribution density.
Author | : Baoping Shang |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 32 |
Release | : 2021-06-25 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 151357339X |
Download The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.
Author | : Kristin Komives |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 308 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780821363423 |
Download Water, Electricity, and the Poor Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Author | : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 2015-06-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513547437 |
Download Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author | : Paul Ekins |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Environmental impact charges |
ISBN | : |
Download Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
A comprehensive analysis of an environmental tax reform where people are taxed on pollution and the use of natural resources instead of on their income, this book looks at the challenges involved in implementing this tax reform across Europe.
Author | : Jakob Skovgaard |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2021-01-21 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1108605168 |
Download The Economisation of Climate Change Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The effort to address climate change cuts across a wide range of non-environmental actors and policy areas, including international economic institutions such as the Group of Twenty (G20), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These institutions do not tend to address climate change so much as an environmental issue, but as an economic one, a dynamic referred to as 'economisation'. Such economisation can have profound consequences for how environmental problems are addressed. This book explores how the G20, IMF, and OECD have addressed climate finance and fossil fuel subsidies, what factors have shaped their specific approaches, and the consequences of this economisation of climate change. Focusing on the international level, it is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers in the fields of politics, political economy and environmental policy.