This book includes the proceedings of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) 2008 Advanced Research Workshop (ARW). The goal of the meeting was to explore methods to involve the community in the fight against terrorism in an effort to enhance its protection from terrorist attacks and to establish a network between the participants for future collaborations. The two main topics of this book are: (1) Defining the problem of terrorism and collective community protection; why does terrorism exists and why do people join and/or support extremist groups? (2) Counter-terrorism practices and their relation to the community; focused on developing non-orthodox methods to combat terrorism. In other words, why communities should be included in the fight against terrorism. This book should be seen as a guide for policy makers and practitioners to gain a better understanding of how counter terrorism, as well as many other applications, requires community support and involvement to the fullest extent possible. Because the existing threat of terrorism is proof of the failed classical militaristic approaches, the time has come to integrate our communities into the practice of fighting the threat together.