Effect of Boron Nitride-Coating on the Osseointegration of Titanium Dental Implants- A Rabbit Model

Effect of Boron Nitride-Coating on the Osseointegration of Titanium Dental Implants- A Rabbit Model
Author: Ceren Gokmenoglu
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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Modification of titanium dental implants are of great interest to enhance osseointegration and may provide successful long-term results. Boron nitride (BN), with its physical properties and beneficial effects on bone formation and composition, can be a promising material as a coating substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration of BN coated implants both histomorphometrically and biomechanically on a rabbit model. BN has been coated two different coating thicknesses by using RF magnetron sputtering system. Totally fifty four implants were inserted into the tibiasu2019 of 12 New Zealand rabbits. Implants were placed bilaterally into the tibias under general anesthesia. All animals were sacrificed using intravenous sodium pentobarbital after 4 weeks. For the implants used for histomorphometric evaluation, bone-implant contact (BIC) percentages and new bone area / total area (BATA) were calculated. The removal torque (RT) test was performed and the highest removal torque required for creating a fracture between the implant and bone was measured. Through the histomorphometric evaluations, the highest BIC percentages were observed in the control group, whereas the micro scale (micro-coated) BN group had a lower but comparable BIC level with the control group. In the nano-scale (nano-coated) BN group, the BIC percentages were low. The bone tissue in the medullary cavity was the highest in the nano-scale BN group, whereas the lowest values were observed in the control group. The RT values measured in all groups were found low, but the highest RT values torque was observed in the control group. As a result, no inflammatory problem developed around any implant. Osseointegration occurred around all control and BN-coated implants. This research was supported by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the project no 114S391.

Effects of Surface-Modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration in Irradiated Bone

Effects of Surface-Modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration in Irradiated Bone
Author: Junyuan Li
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2017-01-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9781361385210
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This dissertation, "Effects of Surface-modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration in Irradiated Bone" by Junyuan, Li, 黎俊媛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, it compromises bone healing. Titanium implanthas been shown to be a predictable method for replacing missing teeth. Clinical studies revealed that implant failure rate in irradiated regionwas high. Many studies showed that modifications of implant surface could enhance implant osseointegration by improving cell attachment, cell growth and bone formation. Nevertheless, there were few studies investigating the effect of implant surface modification on osseointegration in irradiated bone. In the first experiment, the effect of fluoride-modified (FM) titanium surface on irradiated osteoblast attachment was assessed. The morphology and chemical composition of FM surface was assessed by SEM, AFM and XPS. Osteoblasts received 0Gy, 2Gy, 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy, 10Gy radiation. Cell number, fluorescence intensity and cell area of irradiated osteoblasts were assessed. The number of osteoblasts onFM surface was fewer than those on NF surface after 0Gy, 2Gy, 8Gy and 10Gy radiation. Cell area of osteoblasts on FM surface was less at 2Gy radiation but larger at 6Gy radiation than on NF surface. The fluorescence intensity of osteoblasts was also higher on NF surface than on FM surface after receiving 0Gy, 2Gy, 4Gy, 10Gy radiation. In the second experiment, an animal model was established to study the effect of radiation on osseointegration. Rabbits were divided into 15Gy and 30Gy radiation groups. Only the left leg was exposed to radiation, and the right leg was protected from radiation. Totally, 24 implants were inserted. Implant stability quotient (ISQ), bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone growth rate were measured. After 15Gy and 30Gy of radiation, ISQ and BV/TV were significantly reduced. At week 3, 15Gy radiation group displayed slower bone growth rate comparing with the control side. Fluorochrome results showed that the 30Gy radiation side had a significantly slower apposition of new bone.In addition, BIC on30Gy radiation side was notablypoorer than that on 15Gy radiation side and on 30Gy control side. Based on the animal model, the third experiment investigated effects of calcium phosphate nanocrystals on implant osseointegration in irradiated bone. Titanium implants treated with nano-scale calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals served as the test group while ones with dual acid-etching only served as the control group. The left leg of rabbits received 15Gy radiation and implants were placed in the irradiated leg. Significant higher ISQ was detected in the nano-CaP group at week 12. The bone growth rate in nano-CaP group was more than doubled than the control group at both week 6 and week 9. The fourth experiment evaluated artifacts on micro-CT images caused by titanium dental implant. Implants were assigned into four groups: (1) implant only; (2) implant with covering screw; (3) implant with resin embedding; and (4) implant with covering screw and resin embedding. Each implant was scanned by micro-CT at 3 angulations. Implant angulation was the most determining factor followed by resin embedding. Minimal metallic artifacts were obtainedin non-embedded implants with its axis paralleling to X-ray. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5312315 Subjects: Osseointegration Dental implants

Effect of Ionic Liquid Coatings on Early Healing and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants

Effect of Ionic Liquid Coatings on Early Healing and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants
Author: Sutton E. Wheelis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Biocompatibility
ISBN:
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Although titanium (Ti) dental implants are known to achieve high success rates and osseointegration in vivo, a higher incidence of implant failures have been recently reported. Implant failures are caused by several factors; however, the nature and intensity of the inflammatory response at the titanium-tissue interface determines the healing outcome of an implant. Surface modifications performed on titanium implants have attempted to directly address both patient and external factors that interfere with constructive inflammation, but often do not address multiple complications that impact osseointegration while maintaining regenerative healing. Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IonL) have demonstrated low toxicity, antimicrobial, lubricant, and anticorrosive activities in vitro making them a potential candidate as a multifunctional dental implant coatings. However, the biological response to these coatings in vivo is unknown. The goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the effect IonLs have on inflammation, healing, and osseointegration of titanium dental implants. This research is divided into three aims (i) to investigate the biocompatibility of IonL in a subcutaneous model, (ii) to define and validate success criteria for an oral implantation model and (iii) to investigate the impact of IonL on early healing and osseointegration in an oral implantation model. In each aim a combination of clinical evaluation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, and MicroCT was used to track inflammation and healing from 2-30 days (d) in the Lewis rat. In aim 1, an initial evaluation of both IonL-Phe and IonL-Met indicated that IonL appeared in peri-implant tissues and increased acute inflammation at 2d compared to uncoated Ti. At 14d, inflammation receded with more developed peri-implant tissue in coated and uncoated samples with no foreign body giant cells. IonL was no longer observed at 14d, suggesting elution or resorption by macrophages. This aim demonstrated that medium dose IonL-Phe does not significantly interfere with Ti foreign body response in an aseptic environment. In aim 2, a new pre-clinical oral implantation model defined an appropriate baseline for successful Ti osseointegration. Healing was similar to other rodent models: hematoma and acute inflammation at 2d, initial bone formation at 7d, advanced bone formation and remodeling at 14d, and bone maturation at 30d. Overall, this model resulted in a 78.5% osseointegration success rate (>60% bone-to-implant contact (BIC)), similar to human osseointegration. Therefore, This model combines the advantages of a rodent model while maximizing BIC, making it an excellent candidate for evaluation of IonLs. Following aim 2, a pilot in vivo assessment determined medium dose IonL-Phe demonstrated the best histogical response and BIC for the remaining evaluation. In aim 3, IonL-Phe-coated and uncoated cpTi screws were implanted into several demographic groups of rats to represent biological variations that could affect healing. Molecular and histological analysis indicated IonL heightened acute inflammation compared to uncoated Ti. However, the coating was released/resorbed by 7 days and did not negatively affect subsequent bone remodeling in all demographics. Overall, IonL-Phe coating did not disturb oral Ti osseointegration and may provide additional control over the healing environment in scenarios known to be challenged by bacteria, such as peri-implantitis

Enhanced Osseointegration in Osteogenic Nanofibrous Coated Titanium Implant in Rabbit U2013A Pilot Study

Enhanced Osseointegration in Osteogenic Nanofibrous Coated Titanium Implant in Rabbit U2013A Pilot Study
Author: Dr. Sandeep Gurav
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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Background: Despite the advances in additive and subtractive implant surface modifications, there is a need and scope for novel biomaterials enabling early osseointegration. A dual-optimization approach synergizing osteoinductive and osteoconductive chemicals has been applied to develop a novel bio-material.Aim: To compare osseointegration in rabbit between osteogenic nanofibrous-coated (ONFC) dental implants and uncoated titanium fixtures.Materials and Method: Individual bio-active ingredients were dissolved in trifluoroethanol to obtain Polycaprolactone-gelatin scaffold. This was electro-spun around the surface of a titanium screw to obtain an osteogenic nanofibrous coating which was characterized by thermal, physical, x-ray diffraction and biologic analyses. A pilot study involving placement of ONFC-implants and uncoated titanium fixtures in the tibia of a single, skeletally mature male New Zealand white rabbit was conducted. Observations were recorded at the end of six weeks. A further detailed study was conducted on seven rabbits to validate these results at the end of twelve weeks.Results and Conclusion: Radiological (x-ray and micro CT scan), histo-morphological and ultrastructural analyses of the interfacial tissues suggested that ONFC-implants showed enhanced osseointegration.

The Effect Of Coating Titanium Implants With #945+-Linolenic Acid On Osteoinductivity In White New Zealand Rabbits

The Effect Of Coating Titanium Implants With #945+-Linolenic Acid On Osteoinductivity In White New Zealand Rabbits
Author:
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Release: 2017
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Many strategies have been carried out to enhance the osteoinductivity rate and healing time at the bone-implant interface. u03b1-Linolenic acid (u03b1-LA) is an nu22123 fatty acid that is necessary for health and cannot be produced within the human body. It must be acquired through diet. u03b1-LA is an omega-3 fatty acid. Ultimately, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including u03b1-LA, have been verified to positively influence body health including bone u200ehealth and skeletal biology. Hypothesis was set that u03b1-LA -coated dental implants might 1) increase the osteoinductivity process, verified by a significant difference between the test and control side of the same implant by testing the axial pull-out test of the implants. 2) Increase the rate of new bone formation on the implant surface verified by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and X-ray findings.

Effect of Ha-coating and HF Etching on Experimental Zirconia Implant Evaluation Using in Vivo Rabbit Model

Effect of Ha-coating and HF Etching on Experimental Zirconia Implant Evaluation Using in Vivo Rabbit Model
Author: Sung-En Huang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 126
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching zirconia (ZrO) implants and to compare the result with titanium (Ti) implants treated in a similar manner. A total of four different implant types were tested in this study. Threaded zirconia implants with HA coating (Test 1) and zirconia implants with HF-treated surfaces (Test 2) were used to compare to the same size of titanium implants treated in identical fashion (control 1 and control 2). All implants measured about 3.5 mm at the thread diameter and 7.0 mm in total length. Each rabbit received two zirconia and two titanium implants treated in the same manner (either HA-coated or HF-etched). The samples were implanted into the rabbit tibias and retrieved at 6 weeks. Upon retrieval, 24 specimens (6 samples for each group) were fixed and dehydrated. The samples were then embedded undecalcified in PMMA for histomorphometry to quantify the bone-to-implant contact (BIC). Another 24 samples were kept in 0.9% saline and were evaluated using removal torque (RT) analysis to assess the strength of the implant-to-bone interface. The histomorphometric examination demonstrated direct bone-to-implant contact for all four groups. HA particle separation from the implants surface was seen in a majority of the HA-coated samples. No signs of inflammation or foreign body reaction were found during examination. Due to the HA particle smear contamination in the ZrO-HA group, no data was collected in this group. The mean BIC at the first three threads of the Ti-HA, Ti-HF and ZrO-HF were 57.78"18.22%, 46.41"14.55% and 47.41"14.05%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found pair-wise among these three groups. When comparing the BIC data with the machined-surface implants, a statistically significant difference was found between the Ti-HA versus Ti implant group and the Ti-HF versus Ti implant group. The mean bone area (BA) at the first three threads for Ti-HA, Ti-HF and ZrO-HF showed statistically significant difference (p